§*这是毛泽东同志为中共中央起草的党内指示。
#§Inner-party directive drafted for the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
§(一)我们党政组织在农村工作中存在一些严重地脱离农民群众、损害农民及其积极分子的利益的问题，即所谓“五多”问题。
#§1.In our work in the rural areas there are problems involving the serious alienation of our Party and government organizations from the peasant masses and violations of the interests of the peasants and peasant activists; these are known as the "five excesses".
“五多”，就是任务多，会议集训多，公文报告表册多，组织多，积极分子兼职多。
# The "five excesses" consist of an excess of assignments, an excess of meetings and training courses, an excess of documents, written reports and statistical forms, an excess of organizations, and an excess of side jobs for activists.
这些问题，很久就存在了，中央曾对其中有些问题有过指示，要求各级党委予以重视和解决，但是不但没有解决，反而越来越严重。
# These problems have existed for a long time; with regard to some of them the Central Committee has issued directives to Party committees at various levels, urging them to give such problems proper attention and kind solutions.# But far from being solved, the problems are becoming more and more serious.
其原因，是没有将整个问题系统地提出来，尤其重要的是没有在中央、大区、省(市)、专区和县这五级党政领导机关中展开反对分散主义和官僚主义的斗争。
# This is because the issue has never been systematically raised in its totality and, what is more important, no struggle has ever been waged against decentralism and bureaucracy on the part of the leading Party and government organs at the five levels -- central, greater administrative area, provincial (municipal), prefectural and county.
因为区、乡的“五多”，基本上不是从区、乡产生的，而是从上面产生的，是因为在县以上各级党政领导机关中存在着严重的分散主义和官僚主义所引起的，有些则是过去革命战争和土地改革时期的产物，未加改变，遗留至今的。
# For, generally speaking, the "five excesses" in the districts and townships are not a local product but stem from above and are the consequences of decentralism and bureaucracy existing to a serious degree in the leading Party and government organs at the county level and above.
因此，必须在一九五三年内，在执行中央一九五三年一月五日关于反对官僚主义、反对命令主义、反对违法乱纪的指示中，着重地克服领导机关中的官僚主义和分散主义，并将那些过去需要而现在已不需要的制度和办法加以改变，方能解决这个问题。
# Some of the "five excesses" are a legacy of the periods of the revolutionary war and agrarian reform and have remained unchanged to this day.# Therefore, in carrying out the Central Committee's directive to combat bureaucracy, commandism and violations of the law and of discipline, we must put stress on overcoming bureaucracy and decentralism in the leading organs during red, and alter those rules and practices which have outlived their usefulness.# Only thus can the problems be solved.
今后各级领导机关在规定任务的问题上，在召集会议和调人集训的问题上，在发出公文表册和向下级要报告的问题上，在规定区、乡组织形式的问题上以及在使用乡村积极分子的问题上，都要由县以上党委和政府的主要负责同志，按照实际可行的情况，加以适当的规定，有些则要由中央作出统一的规定。
# As for the authority of the leading organs at various levels to assign tasks, call meetings and organize training courses, send out documents and statistical forms or ask for reports from subordinate units, determine the organizational structure of districts and townships and use the activists in the villages, from now on it is up to the leading comrades in charge of the Party committee and government at the county level and above to define the proper limits in the light of what is feasible; in some cases it is up to the central authorities to define the limits for all concerned.
过去由各级党、政、民组织的许多工作部门，各自独立地向下级分派任务，随便召集下级人员和农村积极分子开会或训练，滥发公文表册和向下级或农村随便要报告等项不良制度和不良办法，必须坚决废止，而代之以有领导的、统一的和适合情况的制度和办法。
# In the past, many departments of the Party, government and people's organizations at all levels, each on its own, gave assignments to the subordinate units, casually summoned subordinates and village activists to meetings or training courses, issued floods of documents and statistical forms and thoughtlessly demanded reports from subordinates and villages.# All these undesirable rules and practices must be resolutely abolished and replaced by ones that are standardized under the leadership and suited to the needs of the actual situation.
至于在农村中每个乡存在着几十种委员会以及积极分子兼职太多，均属妨碍生产，脱离群众，也应坚决地但是有步骤地加以改变。
# As for the great variety of committees in every township and the excess of side jobs for activists, these too should be changed firmly but gradually since they hamper production and alienate the masses.
§(二)中央一级党、政、民组织有关各部门，中央分别责成中央组织部，中央人民政府政务院及其所属财经、文教、政法三个委员会的主管同志负责，对于过去引起“五多”问题的各事项迅速加以清理，并规定适当的制度和办法，向中央作报告。
#§2.# With regard to the departments of the Party, government and people's organizations at the national level, the Central Committee charges the responsible comrades of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, the Administration Council of the Central People's Government and its subsidiary financial and economic, cultural and educational, and political and judicial committees with the task of quickly clearing away all practices that have given rise to the "five excesses", working out appropriate rules and practices and reporting to the Central Committee.
§(三)各大区和省市，由各中央局、分局、省市委及各该级行政机关主管同志负责，对于“五多”问题加以清理，规定自己的解决办法，并报告中央。
#§3.# In the greater administrative areas and the provinces and municipalities, the comrades in charge of Central Committee bureaus and sub-bureaus, provincial and municipal Party committees and the administrative apparatuses at the corresponding levels are held responsible for tackling the problem of the "five excesses", working out solutions and reporting to the Central Committee.
为达此项目的，请各中央局、分局、省市委仿照西北局的办法，派出一个专为了解“五多”问题的检查组，检查所属的一二个区、乡(在城市是检查一二个区、街)的情况，以为解决问题的参考材料。
# To this end, the Central Committee bureaus and sub-bureaus and the provincial and municipal Party committees are each requested to send out an inspection team for the specific purpose of looking into this problem of the "five excesses" and to review the situation in one or two districts and townships (and in the city, one or two districts and neighbourhoods) under their administration, so as to gather reference material for solutions.
§(四)专区级和县级的“五多”问题，由省委负责指导解决之。
#§4.# The provincial Party committees are held accountable for giving guidance to the prefectures and counties in solving their problem of the "five excesses".
§(五)农业生产是农村中压倒一切的工作，农村中的其它工作都是围绕着农业生产而为它服务的。
#§5.# Agricultural production is the overriding task in the countryside; to it all other tasks play a supporting role.
凡足以妨碍农民进行生产的所谓工作任务和工作方法，都必须避免。
# Any assignment or method of work that hinders the production of the peasants must be avoided.
目前我国的农业，基本上还是使用旧式工具的分散的小农经济，这和苏联使用机器的集体化的农业，大不相同。
# Our present-day agricultural economy remains basically a scattered small peasant economy where old-fashioned implements are used, this is vastly different from the mechanized collective farming of the Soviet Union.
因此，我国在目前过渡时期，在农业方面，除国营农场外，还不可能施行统一的有计划的生产，不能对农民施以过多的干涉，还只能用价格政策以及必要和可行的经济工作和政治工作去指导农业生产，并使之和工业相协调而纳入国家经济计划之中。
# Therefore, in the present transition period we cannot introduce unified and planned production in agriculture, except on the state farms, and interfere too much with the peasants.# We can only guide agricultural production and co-ordinate it with industrial production by our pricing policy and necessary and practicable economic and political work so that it can be integrated into the national economic plan.
超过这种限度的所谓农业“计划”、所谓农村中的“任务”是必然行不通的，而且必然要引起农民的反对，使我党脱离占全国人口百分之八十以上的农民群众，这是非常危险的。
# Any "plan" for agriculture or any "assignment" for the rural areas which goes beyond this is bound to be unworkable and is certain to evoke peasant opposition and alienate our Party from the peasant masses who constitute over 80 per cent of our population.# This can be very dangerous indeed.
所谓区、乡工作中的“五多”问题，其中有很大的成分就是这种过多地干涉农民的表现(另一部分成分是因为革命战争和土地改革的需要而产生和遗留下来的)，已经引起农民的不满，必须加以改变。
# The problem of the "five excesses" in our work in the districts and townships is in a large measure a reflection of such excessive interference with the peasants (and in a smaller measure a survival of practices that arose out of the needs of the revolutionary war and the agrarian reform).# It has aroused their dissatisfaction, so there must be a change.