§*毛泽东同志在一九五三年九月七日同民主党派和工商界部分代表进行了谈话。
-1#§to representative personages from the democratic parties and industrial and commercial circles on September 7, 1953.
§经过国家资本主义，完成由资本主义到社会主义的改造。
#§The transformation of capitalism into socialism is to be accomplished through state capitalism.
§(1)过去三年多，做了一些工作，但忙别的去了，用力不多，现在起要多做些工作。
#§1.# In the last three years or so we have done some work on this, but as we were otherwise occupied, we didn't exert ourselves enough.# From now on we should make a bigger effort.
§(2)有了三年多的经验，已经可以肯定:经过国家资本主义完成对私营工商业的社会主义改造，是较健全的方针和办法。
#§2.# With more than three years of experience behind us, we can say with certainty that accomplishing the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce by means of state capitalism is a relatively sound policy and method.
§(3)《共同纲领》第三十一条的方针，现在应明确起来和逐步地具体化。
#§3.# The policy laid down in Article 31 of the Common Programme should now be clearly understood and concretely applied step by step.
所谓“明确起来”，是说在中央及地方的领导人物的头脑中，首先肯定国家资本主义是改造资本主义工商业和逐步完成社会主义过渡的必经之路。
# "Clearly understood" means that people in positions of leadership at the central and local levels should first of all have the firm conviction that state capitalism is the only road for the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce and for the gradual completion of the transition to socialism.
这一点无论在共产党和民主人士方面，都还没做到，此次会议的目的，应当做到这一点。
# So far this has not been the case either with members of the Communist Party or with democratic personages.# The present meeting is being held to achieve that end.
将全国私营工商业基本上(不是一切)引上国家资本主义轨道，至少需要三年至五年的时间，因此不应该发生震动和不安。
# It will take at least three to five years to lead the country's private industry and commerce basically onto the path of state capitalism, so there should be no cause for alarm or uneasiness.
§(5)公私合营、全部出原料收产品的加工订货和只收大部产品，是国家资本主义在私营工业方面的三种形式。
#§5.# Joint state-private management; orders placed by the state with private enterprises to process materials or manufacture goods, with the state providing all the raw materials and taking all the finished products; and similarly placed orders, with the state taking not all but most of the finished products -- these are the three forms of state capitalism to be adopted in the case of private industry.
§(6)私营商业亦可以实行国家资本主义，不可能以“排除”二字了之。
#§6.# State capitalism can also be applied in the case of private commerce which cannot possibly be dismissed by "excluding it".
这方面经验较少，尚须研究。
# Here our experience is limited and further study is needed.
§(7)占有大约三百八十万工人、店员的私营工商业，是国家的一项大财富，在国计民生中有很大的作用。
#§7.# With approximately 3,800,000 workers and shop assistants, private industry and commerce are a big asset to the state and play a large part in the nation's economy and the people's livelihood.
私营工商业不仅对国家供给产品，而且可以为国家积累资金，可以为国家训练干部。
# Not only do they provide the state with goods, but they can also accumulate capital and train cadres for the state.
§(8)有些资本家对国家保持一个很大的距离，他们仍没有改变唯利是图的思想；有些工人前进得太快了，他们不允许资本家有利可得。
#§8.# Some capitalists keep themselves at a great distance from the state and have not changed their profits-before-everything mentality.
我们应向这两方面的人们进行教育，使他们逐步地(争取尽可能快些)适合国家的方针政策，即使中国的私营工商业基本上是为国计民生服务的、部分地是为资本家谋利的――这样就走上国家资本主义的轨道了。
# Some workers are advancing too fast and won't allow the capitalists to make any profit at all.# We should try to educate these workers and capitalists and help them gradually (but the sooner the better) adapt themselves to our state policy, namely, to make China's private industry and commerce mainly serve the nation's economy and the people's livelihood and partly earn profits for the capitalists and in this way embark on the path of state capitalism.
§关于国家资本主义企业的利润分配，有一个表:
#§The following table shows the distribution of profits in state-capitalist enterprises:
§(9)需要继续在资本家中间进行爱国主义教育，为此需要有计划地培养一部分眼光远大的、愿意和共产党和人民政府靠近的、先进的资本家，以便经过他们去说服大部分资本家。
#§9.
It is necessary to go on educating the capitalists in patriotism, and to this end we should systematically cultivate a number of them who have a broader vision and are ready to lean towards the Communist Party and the People's Government, so that most of the other capitalists may be convinced through them.
§(10)实行国家资本主义，不但要根据需要和可能(《共同纲领》)，而且要出于资本家自愿，因为这是合作的事业，既是合作就不能强迫，这和对地主不同。
#§10.Not only must the implementation of state capitalism be based on what is necessary and feasible (see the Common Programme), but it must also be voluntary on the part of the capitalists, because it is a co-operative undertaking and co-operation admits of no coercion.# This is different from the way we dealt with the landlords.
§(11)全国各民族、各民主阶级、各民主党派、各人民团体在过去几年中已有很大的进步，相信再有三年至五年，这种进步将更大，所以三年至五年内基本上完成将私营工商业引上国家资本主义轨道是有可能的。
#§11.# Considerable progress has been made in the last few years by tile various nationalities, democratic classes, democratic parties and people's organizations, and still greater progress will, in my opinion, be made in the next three to five years.
国营企业的优胜，则是完成这一任务在物质方面的保证。
# So it is possible basically to accomplish the task of leading private industry and commerce onto the path of state capitalism in three to five years.# The preponderance of state enterprises affords the material guarantee for the fulfilment of this task.
§(12)至于完成整个过渡时期，即包括基本上完成国家工业化，基本上完成对农业、对手工业和对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，则不是三五年所能办到的，而需要几个五年计划的时间。
#§12.As for the completion of the task for the entire transition period, which consists of the basic accomplishment of the country's industrialization and the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, this cannot be done in three to five years, but will instead take a period of several five-year plans.
在这个问题上，既要反对遥遥无期的思想，又要反对急躁冒进的思想。
# On this question it is necessary to oppose both the idea of leaving things to the indefinite future and the idea of rushing things through.
§(13)一个是领导者，一个是被领导者，一个是不谋私利者，一个是还要谋一部分私利者，等等，这些是不相同的。
#§13.# One is the leader while the other is the led; one seeks no private profit while the other still seeks a certain amount of private profit, and so on and so forth; that's where the differences lie.
但私营工商业基本上是为国计民生服务的(就利润分配上说，约占四分之三左右)，因此可以和应当说服工人，和国营企业一样，实行增产节约、劳动竞赛，提高劳动生产率，降低成本，提高数量质量，这样对公私、劳资都有利。
# But under our present conditions, private industry and commerce in the main serve the nation's economy and the people's livelihood (which as far as the distribution of profits is concerned, take roughly three-fourths of the total).# Therefore we can and should persuade the workers in private enterprises to act in the same way as those in state enterprises, namely, to increase production and practice economy emulate one another in labour, raise labour productivity, reduce costs of production and raise both quantity and quality, thus serving the interest of both the state sector and the private sector and that of labour and capital.