§*这是毛泽东同志在中央人民政府委员会第二十四次会议上的讲话。
#§Speech at the Twenty-fourth Session of the Central People's Government Council.
§抗美援朝,经过三年,取得了伟大胜利,现在已经告一个段落。
#§After three years we have won a great victory in the war to resist U.S.aggression and aid Korea.# It has now come to a halt.
但主要是因为我们的战争是人民战争,全国人民支援,中朝两国人民并肩战斗。
# But we won mainly because ours was a people's war, the whole nation gave it support and the people of China and Korea fought shoulder to shoulder.
为什么能够和下来呢?
# Why was the truce possible?
§第一,军事方面,美国侵略者处于不利状态,挨打状态。
#§First, militarily the U.S.aggressors were in an unfavourable position and were on the receiving end.
如果不和,它的整个战线就要被打破,汉城就可能落入朝鲜人民之手。
# If they had not accepted the truce, their whole battle line would have been broken through and Seoul would have fallen into the hands of the Korean people.
这种形势,去年夏季就已经开始看出来了。
# This situation became evident in the summer of last year.
我们的战士和干部机智,勇敢,不怕死。
# Our soldiers and cadres are resourceful and brave and dare to look death in the face.
而美国侵略军却怕死,他们的军官也比较呆板,不那么灵活。
# In contrast the U.S.aggressor troops are afraid of death, and their officers are rather rigid, not very flexible.
他们的战线不巩固,并不是铜墙铁壁。
# Their battle line is not solid and is anything but a bastion of iron.
§我们方面发生的问题,最初是能不能打,后来是能不能守,再后是能不能保证给养,最后是能不能打破细菌战。
#§The problems facing our side were first whether we could fight, then whether we could hold our lines, later whether we could ensure the flow of supplies, and finally whether we could foil the germ warfare.
这四个问题,一个接着一个,都解决了。
# These four problems came one after the other and were all solved.
今年夏天,我们已经能够在一小时内打破敌人正面二十一公里的阵地,能够集中发射几十万发炮弹,能够打进去十八公里。
# This summer, we were already able to break through an enemy position with its front of twenty-one kilometres within an hour, fire several hundred thousand shells in a concentrated attack and penetrate the enemy area up to eighteen kilometres.
§第二,政治方面,敌人内部有许多不能解决的矛盾,全世界人民要求和下来。
#§Second, politically the enemy had many insoluble internal contradictions, and the people the world over demanded peace.
§第三,经济方面,敌人在侵朝战争中用钱很多,它的预算收支不平衡。
#§Third, economically the enemy spent vast sums in the war of aggression against Korea, and his budgetary revenues and expenditures were not balanced.
§这几个原因合起来,使敌人不得不和。
#§All these causes combined to force the enemy to come to terms.
而第一个原因是主要的原因,没有这一条,同他们讲和是不容易的。
# The first was the primary cause, and in its absence a truce with the enemy would have been difficult.
美帝国主义者很傲慢,凡是可以不讲理的地方就一定不讲理,要是讲一点理的话,那是被逼得不得已了。
# The U.S.imperialists are very arrogant; if at all possible, they always refuse to talk reason, and will do so after a fashion only when driven into a tight corner.
§在朝鲜战争中,敌人伤亡了一百零九万人。
#§In the Korean war the enemy suffered 1,090,0 in killed and wounded.
但是我们的伤亡比原来预料的要少得多,有了坑道以后,伤亡就更少了。
# Nevertheless, our casualties were far fewer than anticipated and they became still fewer after tunnels were built.
美国人攻不动我们的阵地,相反,他们总是被我们吃掉。
# The Americans failed to undermine our positions; on the contrary, their units were always wiped out by us.
§刚才大家讲到领导这个因素,我说领导是一个因素,而最主要的因素是群众想办法。
#§Just now you all mentioned the factor of leadership.# In my view, leadership is one factor, but the most important factor is the contribution of ideas by the masses.
我们的干部和战士想出了各种打仗的办法。
# Our cadres and soldiers thought up all sorts of ways to fight the enemy.
战争的头一个月,我们的汽车损失很大。
# In the first month of the war our losses in trucks were tremendous.