§*这是毛泽东同志在中国共产党第七届中央委员会扩大的第六次全体会议上的结论。
#§Concluding speech at the Enlarged Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
这是在由资本主义到社会主义过渡期间，关于我们党的总路线是不是完全正确这样一个问题的大辩论。
# This debate concerns the question of whether our Party's general line for the period of transition from capitalism to socialism is entirely correct or not.
这场全党性的大辩论，是从农业合作化的方针问题引起的，同志们的讨论也集中在这个问题上。
# This all-Party debate was triggered by the question of our policy on the co-operative transformation of agriculture, on which your discussion has also centred.
但是，这场辩论牵涉的面很广，牵涉到农业、工业、交通、运输、财政、金融、贸易、文化、教育、科学、卫生等部门的工作，牵涉到手工业和资本主义工商业的改造，牵涉到镇压反革命，还牵涉到军队，牵涉到外交，总之，牵涉到党政军民各方面的工作。
# However, the debate covers a wide range of subjects, bearing on the work of the departments of agriculture, industry, communications, transport, finance, monetary affairs, trade, culture, education, science, public health, etc. , on the transformation of handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, the armed forces and foreign affairs; in short, it touches on the whole range of our work, the work of the Party, the government, the armed forces and the people's organizations.
应当有这么一次大辩论。
# There should be a great debate of this kind.
因为从总路线发布以来，我们的党还没有这样一次辩论。
# For nothing like it has been conducted in our Party since the promulgation of the general line.
这个辩论，要在农村中间展开，也要在城市中间展开，使各方面的工作，工作的速度和质量，都能够和总路线规定的任务相适应，都要有全面规划。
# We must unfold the debate in the countryside and in the cities as well so that our work in every sphere and its tempo and quality will fit the tasks set by the general line and be covered by a comprehensive plan.
§一、农业合作化和资本主义工商业改造的关系
#§I.# THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATION AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CAPITALIST INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
§农业合作化和改造资本主义工商业的关系问题，即在大约三个五年计划时期内基本上完成农业的社会主义改造和在同一时期内基本上完成资本主义工商业的社会主义改造的关系问题，也就是农业合作化和资产阶级的关系问题。
#§The relationship between agricultural co-operation and the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce, which is the relationship between the two tasks of basically and simultaneously accomplishing the socialist transformation of agriculture and of capitalist industry and commerce in a period of about three five-year plans, is in fact the relationship between agricultural co-operation and the bourgeoisie.
§我们认为，只有在农业彻底实行社会主义改造的过程中，工人阶级同农民的联盟在新的基础上，就是在社会主义的基础上，逐步地巩固起来，才能够彻底地割断城市资产阶级和农民的联系，才能够彻底地把资产阶级孤立起来，才便于我们彻底地改造资本主义工商业。
#§We believe that only when the alliance of the working class and the peasantry is gradually consolidated on a new basis, that of socialism, in the course of the thoroughgoing socialist transformation of agriculture, will it be possible to sever all the ties between the urban bourgeoisie and the peasantry, completely isolate the bourgeoisie and facilitate the thoroughgoing transformation of capitalist industry and commerce.
我们对农业实行社会主义改造的目的，是要在农村这个最广阔的土地上根绝资本主义的来源。
# The purpose of our socialist transformation of agriculture is to cut off the source of capitalism in the vast countryside.
§现在，我们还没有完成农业合作化，工人阶级还没有同农民在新的基础上结成巩固的联盟，工人阶级同农民的联盟还是动荡不定的。
#§We have not yet accomplished agricultural co-operation, the working class has not yet consolidated its alliance with the peasantry on a new basis and the alliance remains unstable.
过去我们同农民在土地革命基础上建立起来的那个联盟，现在农民不满足了。
# The peasants are no longer satisfied with the alliance we formed with them in the past on the basis of the agrarian revolution.
对那一次得到的利益，他们有些忘了。
# They are beginning to forget about the benefits they reaped from that alliance.
现在要有新的利益给他们，这就是社会主义。
# They should now be given new benefits, which means socialism.
现在，农民还没有共同富裕起来，粮食和工业原料还很不充足。
# The peasants have not yet attained collective prosperity, and grain and industrial raw materials are far from sufficient.
在这种情况下，资产阶级就可能在这个问题上找我们的岔子，向我们进攻。
# In these circumstances it is likely that the bourgeoisie will kind fault with us and attack us on this score.
几年之后，我们会看到完全新的形势：工人阶级和农民在新的基础上结成比过去更加巩固的联盟。
# But in a few years we shall witness an entirely new situation, namely, an alliance between the working class and the peasantry on a new basis, an alliance more consolidated than ever.
§以前那个反地主、打土豪、分田地的联盟是暂时的联盟，它巩固一下又不巩固了。
#§The old alliance to oppose the landlords, overthrow the local despots and distribute land was a temporary one; it has become unstable after a period of stability.
在土地改革后，农民发生了分化。
# Since the agrarian reform polarization has taken place among the peasants.
如果我们没有新东西给农民，不能帮助农民提高生产力，增加收入，共同富裕起来，那些穷的就不相信我们，他们会觉得跟共产党走没有意思，分了土地还是穷，他们为什么要跟你走呀？
# If we have nothing new to offer them and cannot help them raise their productivity, increase their income and attain collective prosperity, the poor ones will no longer trust us and will feel that there is no point in following the Communist Party. # Since they remain poor after land has been distributed to them, why do they still have to follow you?
那些富裕的，变成富农的或很富裕的，他们也不相信我们，觉得共产党的政策总是不合自己的胃口。
# As for the well-to-do ones, namely, those who have become rich peasants or grown quite well off, they won't trust us either and will invariably find the policies of the Communist Party not to their taste.
结果两下都不相信，穷的不相信，富的也不相信，那末工农联盟就很不巩固了。
# As a result, neither the one nor the other, neither the poor nor the rich, will trust us, and the worker-peasant alliance will become quite shaky.
要巩固工农联盟，我们就得领导农民走社会主义道路，使农民群众共同富裕起来，穷的要富裕，所有农民都要富裕，并且富裕的程度要大大地超过现在的富裕农民。
# To consolidate this alliance, we have to lead the peasants onto the road of socialism, enabling them to attain collective prosperity; not only the poor peasants but all of them must prosper and, what is more, they must become far better off than the present-day well-to-do peasants.