§* 这是毛泽东同志在中国共产党第八届中央委员会扩大的第三次全体会议上的讲话。
#§Speech at the Enlarged Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
这样扩大的中央全会，有省委和地委的同志参加，实际是三级干部会，对于明确方针，交流经验，统一意志，有好处。
# With the participation of comrades from the provincial and prefectural Party committees, such an enlarged plenary session of the Central Committee is in fact a conference of cadres from three levels and is good for clarifying policies, exchanging experience and achieving unity of will.
前年来了一个高涨，去年就来了一个松劲。
# There had been a high tide the year before last, but last year saw a let-down.
当然，去年开“八大”了，也没有时间。
# Of course we held the Eighth Congress last year and didn't have time.
我建议各省也开一次全省性的三级或者四级干部会议，掺一部分合作社的干部，把问题扯清楚。
# I suggest every province should also convene an all-province conference of cadres from three or four levels, with some from the co-operatives, to thrash out problems.
这是第一点。
# This is the first point.
要大胆地放，彻底地放，坚决地放；要大胆地改，彻底地改，坚决地改。
# Be bold, thorough and resolute in letting people air their views and in making reforms.
那末，还要不要加一个反右派，大大地反？
可以不加。
# Then, is it necessary to add a campaign against the Rightists, and a vigorous one at that? # No, it isn't.
因为反右派是上了轨道的，有些地方已经结束了。
# Because the anti-Rightist campaign is on the right track and in some places has already ended.
现在的重点是基层的放，基层的改，就是县、区、乡三级的鸣放和整改。
# Now the stress should be on airing views and making reforms at the grass-roots levels, that is, at the three levels of county, district and township.
中央和省市一级，有些部门放还是要放，但重心是改的问题。
# In some departments at the central and the provincial and municipal levels, the airing of views should continue but the emphasis should be on reform.
§今年这一年，群众创造了一种革命形式，群众斗争的形式，就是大鸣，大放，大辩论，大字报。
#§In the course of this year the masses have created a form of making revolution, a form of waging mass struggle, namely, speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters.
这种形式，在过去是不能出现的。
# This form could not have emerged in the past.
因为过去是打仗，五大运动，三大改造，这样从容辩论的形式不能产生。
# Since we were then engaged in fighting, in the five major movements and the three great transformations, it was impossible for this form of unhurried debate to come into being.
我们找到了这个形式，适合现在这个群众斗争的内容，适合现在阶级斗争的内容，适合正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题。
# We have found this form, a form suited to the content of the current struggle of the masses, to the content of the present class struggle and to the correct handling of contradictions among the people.
左派不仅同中间派一道鸣放辩论，而且完全公开地同右派一道鸣放辩论，在农村里头同地主、富农一道鸣放辩论。
# The Left should freely air views and hold debates not only with the middle but also openly with the Rightists and, in the villages, with the landlords and rich peasants.
公开登报，不怕出“丑”，什么“党天下”呀，什么“共产党要让位”呀，“下轿”呀。
# Not being afraid of "losing face", we have published in our newspapers such nonsense as "the Communist Party monopolizes everything", "the Communist Party should abdicate" and "get off your sedan-chair".
刚刚“上轿”，右派要我们“下轿”。
# We have just got "on" our "sedan-chair", and already the Rightists want us to get "off".
这种大鸣、大放、大辩论、大字报的形式，最适合发挥群众的主动性，提高群众的责任心。
# Speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters are the form best suited to arousing the initiative of the masses and enhancing their sense of responsibility.
延安整风的时候，写笔记，自己反省，互相帮助，七、八个人一个小组，搞了几个月。
# During the rectification movement in Yenan people took notes, made self-criticisms and helped each other, seven or eight to a group, and this lasted for several months.
我接触的人都感谢那一次整风，说改变主观主义就是那一次开始。
# All those I have met are grateful for that rectification, they say it was only then that they began to shed their subjectivism.
土地改革的时候，有事同群众一道商量，打通思想。
# In the days of the agrarian reform, we consulted the masses whenever problems arose in order to straighten out ideas.
我们军队里头，连长给战士们盖被子，同战士很平等地友谊地谈话。
# In our army units, company commanders would personally see to it that their men were properly covered at night and would have friendly chats with them on an equal footing.