§*这是毛泽东同志在最高国务会议第十三次会议上的讲话。
#§Speech at the Thirteenth Session of the Supreme State Conference.
§现在整风找出了一种形式，就是大鸣，大放，大辩论，大字报。
#§A form has now been found for the rectification movement, namely, speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters.
这是群众创造的一种新形式，跟我们党历史上采取过的形式是有区别的。
# It is a new form created by the masses which is different from other forms employed by our Party in the past.
延安那一次整风，也出了一点大字报，但是那个时候我们没有提倡。
# True, there were a few big-character posters during the rectification in Yenan, but we didn't encourage them.
后来“三查三整”，也没有采取这种形式。
# Nor was this form subsequently used in the Three Check-ups and Three Improvements.
在革命战争时期，没有人给我们发饷，没有制造枪炮的工厂，我们的党和军队就是依靠战士，依靠当地人民，依靠群众。
# In the period of the revolutionary wars we received no pay and had no ordnance factories, what our Party and army relied on were the soldiers and the people in different localities, the masses.
所以，长期以来，形成了一种民主作风。
# And so a democratic style of work has evolved over the years.
但是，那个时候，就没有现在这样的大鸣，大放，大辩论，大字报。
# But in those days there was no such form as speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters such as there is now.
这是什么理由？
# Why? # Because we were then in the heat of war and the class struggle was very acute, and if we had allowed a free-for-all within our own ranks, that would have been bad.
就是那个时候金鼓齐鸣，在打仗，阶级斗争那么尖锐，如果内部这么大闹，那就不好了。
# Why? # Because we were then in the heat of war and the class struggle was very acute, and if we had allowed a free-for-all within our own ranks, that would have been bad.
现在不同了，战争结束了，全国除台湾省外都解放了。
# Things are different now. # The war is over and the whole country except Taiwan Province is liberated.
§对大鸣、大放、大辩论、大字报，主要有两怕：一个是怕乱。
#§There are chiefly two fears when it comes to speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters. # One is fear of disorder.
还有一个是怕下不得台。
# The other is fear of not being able to get out of one's predicament.
当工厂厂长的，当合作社主任的，当学校校长的，当党委书记的，怕一放出来，火一烧，怎么下台呀？
# Those who serve as factory or co-operative directors, college heads or Party committee secretaries are all afraid that they won't be able to extricate themselves once views are aired or fires lit. # It is easy now to convince people not to be afraid, but it was rather difficult in May.
现在容易说通了，在五月间那个时候，就很不容易说服人。
# Those who serve as factory or co-operative directors, college heads or Party committee secretaries are all afraid that they won't be able to extricate themselves once views are aired or fires lit. # It is easy now to convince people not to be afraid, but it was rather difficult in May.
北京三十四个大专院校，开了很多会才放开。
# In Peking's thirty-four institutions of higher education the free airing of views was not allowed until after many meetings had been held.
为什么可以不怕？
# Why is there no need for fear? # Why is the airing of views to our advantage? # Which is to our advantage -- airing views in a big way, or in a small way, or not at all? # No airing of views is not to our advantage and airing views in a small way can solve no problems, therefore views must be aired in a big way.
为什么放有利？
# Why is there no need for fear? # Why is the airing of views to our advantage? # Which is to our advantage -- airing views in a big way, or in a small way, or not at all? # No airing of views is not to our advantage and airing views in a small way can solve no problems, therefore views must be aired in a big way.
大鸣大放有利，还是小鸣小放有利？
# Why is there no need for fear? # Why is the airing of views to our advantage? # Which is to our advantage -- airing views in a big way, or in a small way, or not at all? # No airing of views is not to our advantage and airing views in a small way can solve no problems, therefore views must be aired in a big way.
或者不鸣不放有利？
# Why is there no need for fear? # Why is the airing of views to our advantage? # Which is to our advantage -- airing views in a big way, or in a small way, or not at all? # No airing of views is not to our advantage and airing views in a small way can solve no problems, therefore views must be aired in a big way.
不鸣不放是不利的，小鸣小放不能解决问题，还是要大鸣大放。
# Why is there no need for fear? # Why is the airing of views to our advantage? # Which is to our advantage -- airing views in a big way, or in a small way, or not at all? # No airing of views is not to our advantage and airing views in a small way can solve no problems, therefore views must be aired in a big way.
当然，个别的人除外，比如丁玲，她就下不得台。
# Of course, the case is different with certain individuals, for example, Ting Ling cannot extricate herself.
还有冯雪峰，他在那里放火，目的是要烧共产党，就下不得台。
-1#nor can Feng Hsueh-feng, who has lit a fire to burn up the Communist Party.
那是少数人，是右派。
# They are only a handful and are Rightists.