进入冷战，我们继续建造围墙。
We go into the Cold War, and we continue to try and build walls.
我们从一战的壕沟，到二战的马其顿防线，再到冷战中的铁幕，柏林墙。
We go from the trench warfare of the First World War to the Maginot Line of the Second World War, and then we go into the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall.
墙不管用。
Walls don't work.
所以我今天的主题是为了完成“安全”这个目标，我们不建造墙，而建造桥。
My thesis for us today is, instead of building walls to create security, we need to build bridges.
在欧洲有一个很著名的桥。
This is a famous bridge in Europe.
它在波黑。
It's in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
它在Drina河上，是作家IvoAndric的一个小说的主题，这部小说讲述了如何在欧洲和巴尔干地区最动荡的部分大量的墙被筑起。
It's the bridge over the Drina River, the subject of a novel by Ivo Andrić, and it talks about how, in that very troubled part of Europe and the Balkans, over time there's been enormous building of walls.
而最近，也就是在近十年，我们开始看到这些地区开始，尽管有些犹豫不决，逐渐融合在一起。
More recently, in the last decade, we begin to see these communities start, hesitatingly, to come together.
我想再次重申，开放式安全是关于联系国际的不同地区的，跨部门的，私人的和公共的，并且把它们通过战略性沟通，在社交网上联系在一起。
I would argue, again, open-source security is about connecting the international, the interagency, the private-public, and lashing it together with strategic communication, largely in social networks.
所以，接下来我将说一些为什么我们需要那么做，因为我们的共同目标正在受到威胁，而且是多方面的，同时没有一种威胁能被通过筑墙隔离解决。
So let me talk a little bit about why we need to do that, because our global commons is under attack in a variety of ways, and none of the sources of threat to the global commons will be solved by building walls.
现在让我们转到另一种海洋，网络的海洋。
Let's shift to a different kind of sea, the cyber sea.
这里有两个年轻人的照片。
Here are photographs of two young men.
在此刻，他们被监禁着。
At the moment, they're incarcerated.
他们做了一个信用卡诈骗案，并且牟利超过一百亿美元。
They conducted a credit card fraud that netted them over 10 billion dollars.
这只是对全球经济造成两万亿美元损失的网络犯罪的一部分。
This is part of cybercrime which is a $2-trillion-a-year discontinuity in the global economy.
两万亿每年。
Two trillion a year.
这仅低于英国的国民生产总值(GDP).
That's just under the GDP of Great Britain.
所以网络世界，一个我们深知是由最根本的开放组成的地方，正在受到威胁。
So this cyber sea, which we know endlessly is the fundamental piece of radical openness, is very much under threat as well.
但我所要说的是，开放式安全是关于国际的，跨部门的，私人和公共的联系，通过互联网沟通而建立的。
But my thesis is, open-source security is about international, interagency, private-public connection pulled together by this idea of strategic communication on the Internet.
你也许是对的。
You would be correct.
当他们进入安全部队的时候，85%是不识字的。
Eighty-five percent cannot read when they enter the security forces of Afghanistan.
为什么？
Why?
Because the Taliban withheld education during the period of time in which these men and women would have learned to read.
因为塔利班在这些人该学习的时候不提供教育。
Why?
Because the Taliban withheld education during the period of time in which these men and women would have learned to read.
所以问题是，为什么他们手里拿着书站在那里？
So the question is, so, why are they all standing there holding books?