此外，还有一些组织正在努力确保向具有不同能力的儿童提供更好的更广泛的受教育机会。
In addition, there are a number of organizations that work on ensuring better and broader access to education for children of different abilities.
最近，在萨拉热窝大学开办了关于包容性教育的研究生课程，以及正在开展一项支持智力残疾不太严重的孩子进入小学一、二年级读书的试点项目。
Recently, a post-graduate study on inclusive education was started at Sarajevo University, as well as a pilot project that supported the inclusion of children with less serious mental disabilities into the first and second grades of primary school.
在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那全境，由16座城市承担义务为特殊教育咨询专家、语言治疗专家和小学教职员工提供培训。
Sixteen municipalities throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina have undertaken the obligation to implement training for special education advisers, linguistic therapists and teaching staff in primary schools.
罗姆族：受教育权
Roma: right to education
621. 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的罗姆族群体是传统歧视的受害者，这导致了广泛的贫困、失业、无家可归和缺少就学机会。
The Roma community in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a victim of inherited discrimination, which contributed to the widespread poverty, unemployment, homelessness and lack of access to education.
622. 目前，罗姆儿童只是断断续续的上学。
At present, Roma children go to school only sporadically.
在小学高年级和中学里几乎没有罗姆族的儿童。
There are almost no Roma children in the older grades of primary and secondary schools.
与儿童基金会、欧洲理事会和欧洲安全与合作组织提出的2002年评估报告的情况一致，在图兹拉州(居住的罗姆儿童百分比最大)，大约有80%的罗姆儿童根本不上学。
Consistent with the report on evaluation for the year 2002 that was made by UNICEF, the Council of Europe and OSCE, in Tuzla Canton (where the largest percentage of the Roma children live), approximately 80 per cent of Roma children do not go to school.
此外，60%以上的儿童是文盲，其中80%左右达不到就业资格。
In addition, over 60 per cent of children are illiterate, and around 80 per cent of them have no vocational qualification.
只有两个罗姆学生上大学。
Only two Roma students attend the university.
623. 罗姆儿童纳入教育体系的比例如此低有许多原因，其中包括如下：贫穷、歧视、在学校骂人和骚扰、缺乏对政府的信任、战争和流离失所、传统和风俗习惯、语言等等。
Among the many reasons behind such low levels of inclusion of Roma children in the education system are the following: poverty, discrimination, name calling and harassment at schools, lack of trust in the Government, war and displacement, tradition and customs, language, etc.
教育当局已经开始采取积极步骤消除阻碍平等获得教育机会的障碍。
The educational authorities have started taking positive steps to remove the obstacles that prevent equal access to education.
根据教育改革战略文件规定的义务，已经成立了一个小组，其特殊任务是要制定一项计划为各少数民族的所有成员提供教育，尤其是罗姆儿童。
On the basis of the obligations from the Education Reform Strategy Paper, a team has been formed with the special task of developing a plan to provide education to all members of national minorities, and Roma children in particular.
教育小组正在就以下问题开展工作：平等入学机会、教科书资金、学校中的罗姆族语言和交通。
This team is working on the issues of equal access to education, textbook financing, the Roma language in schools and transport.
非政府组织的援助对于实现受教育权的影响
Non-governmental aid impact on the realization of the right to education
624. 有一些非政府组织在提倡“终生学习节日”。
There are some non-governmental organizations which had promoted the “life-long learning festivals”.
第一个这样的节日是2001年在图兹拉州举行的。
The first festival of that kind was held in the Tuzla Canton in 2001.
第二个和第三个终生学习节分别于2002和2003年在萨拉热窝、图兹拉、Banja Luka和莫斯塔举行。
The second and third festivals of life-long learning were held in Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka and Mostar in 2002 and 2003.
625. Civitas, Proni, 世界展望和欧洲理事会都积极的通过学生项目参与中学和小学的活动，以及参与教职员工的长期教育。
Civitas, Proni, Word Vision, and the Council of Europe are all actively involved through students' projects in primary and secondary schools, as well as in the permanent education of the teaching staff.
优先事项和法律框架
Priorities and legal framework
626. 关于通过全面的教育制度改革要实现的长期目标，需要在这个领域采取以下步骤：
With regard to the long-term goals to be achieved through a comprehensive education system reform, the following steps need to be taken in this area:
执行已经通过的小学、中学和大学教育框架法； 通过国家一级的科学法； 将实体和各州的教育法与框架法统一起来； 完成通过其他补充法律和细则的程序。
Implementation of the already adopted Framework Law on Primary, Secondary and High Education; Adoption of the State-level Law on Science; Harmonization of the Entity and cantonal education laws with the Framework Law; Completion of the adoption of other supplementary laws and by-laws.
第 14 条
Article 14
义务性免费初级教育
Obligatory and free-of-charge primary education