它可以就标准提出建议，但标准需要由一个独立于人权高专办以外的机构审议； 特别程序不能发挥这一作用，因为： 它们拥有具体的任务授权，而要求的是一个具有一般职权范围的机构发挥作用； 它们只能对其任务授权作出澄清，而不能加以扩大； 个人无法从事代表各种法系、情况和专业学科的一个团队的工作。
They have specific mandates, and what is required is a body with a general mandate; They can only clarify their mandates and not enlarge them; and One person cannot do the work of a group representing a variety of legal systems, situations and professional disciplines;
即便每一特别程序具有咨询小组的优点，即便是各种特别程序聚集在一起提出新的标准，由于各自的任务授权，它们的经验只会是零散的； 条约机构无法发挥这一作用，概因为它们受到具体条约条款的限制。
Even if every special procedure were to have the benefit of an advisory group or even if the special procedures were to get together to propose new standards, their experience would remain compartmentalized according to their mandates;
它们可以就具体条款的范围提供指导意见，例如，采取一般性评论的方式，但不能就规则的执行或具体操作制定详细的准则。
They can provide guidance as to the scope of particular provisions, for example by means of general comments, but they cannot create detailed guidelines for the implementation or operationalization of the rules.
6. 因此，需要有一种代表性的独立专家机构，能够集思广益，不受专门职权的限制和政治考虑的禁锢，以便在人权标准和执行方面开启并追求新的、创造性思维。
Consequently, there is a need for a representative independent expert body that is able to think collectively, free from specialized mandate constraints and political considerations, in order to initiate and pursue new and innovative thinking in human rights standards and implementation.
它应当确保平衡关注公民和政治权利以及经济、社会和文化权利。
It should ensure balanced attention to civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights.
二、此种独立专家机构应采取的形式
The form such an independent expert body should take
7. 独立专家机构从数量上必须大到能够不仅代表不同区域，而且代表区域内的不同情况。
The independent expert body must be sufficiently large in number to represent not only different regions but differences within regions.
这一机构的规模应当充分代表各种法律传统、专业背景、区域和国家专长。
The body should be of sufficient size to represent a variety of legal traditions, professional backgrounds, and regional and national expertise.
经验表明，一个约有25-26人或更多一点成员的机构能够最好地发挥作用。
Experience suggests that the body would function best with a membership of around 25 or 26, perhaps somewhat larger.
需要成员们既具有独立性，又是专家。
The members need to be both independent and expert.
为了确保该机构的透明度和民主合法性，成员应当选出，而非指定。
Membership should be by election, rather than by appointment, in order to ensure the transparency and democratic legitimacy of the body.
三、独立专家机构与其他部门和机关之间的关系
Relationship of the independent expert body with other organs and institutions
8. 独立专家机构需要与能够通过标准(人权委员会或人权理事会)和特别程序以及条约机构保持密切联系。
The independent expert body needs to have close links with the political body which can adopt standards (the Commission on Human Rights or Human Rights Council) and with special procedures and treaty bodies.
关于执行问题的次级标准的制定对条约机构和特别程序具有相当大的帮助，但它们须将已制定的原则纳入考虑。
The secondary standard-setting on implementation will be of considerable assistance to the treaty bodies and the special procedures, on condition that it takes into account the principles which they have already established.
9. 该机构应当确保最大限度的开放，至少能够与目前公民社会对其工作积极参与的程度相同。
The body should ensure the widest possible access - at least the same as that currently provided - by and the active involvement of civil society in its work.
这里面既包括非政府组织，也包括各国人权机构。
This includes both non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and national human rights institutions.
普遍认为目前的小组委员会为非政府组织参与联合国人权领域的活动提供了最佳途径。
The current Sub-Commission is generally recognized as providing the best access to NGOs in the field of human rights activity within the United Nations.
小组委员会闭会期间的工作组在这方面尤为重要。
The intersessional working groups of the Sub-Commission are particularly important in this regard.
它们既为在经社理事会中具有咨商地位的非政府组织也为其他协会和非政府组织提供了有重点、有专长和互动式的参与。
They allow focused, specialized and interactive participation to both NGOs in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other associations and NGOs.
实践方面的演变就起源于这类工作小组。
Evolution in practice starts in these working groups.
10. 该机构还应当与联合国专门机构和其他国际组织对话。
The body should also be in dialogue with the specialized agencies of the United Nations and other international organizations.
小组委员会的目前工作受到许多机构，例如难民署和儿童基金会的关注。
The current work of the Sub-Commission is followed by many agencies such as the United Nations High Commissoner for Refugees and the United Nations Children's Fund.
劳工组织、世界银行、开发计划署、货币基金和世贸组织等机构的代表为社会论坛的工作作出了积极的贡献。
The representatives of the International Labour Organization, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, among others, actively contribute to the work of the Social Forum.
四、小组委员会
The Sub-Commission