国家应当确保在国内法中尽可能规定遭受暴力或精神创伤的受害者应当获得特殊关怀和照顾，以免其在旨在伸张正义和给予赔偿的法律和行政程序中再次遭受精神创伤。
The State should ensure that its domestic laws, to the extent possible, provide that a victim who has suffered violence or trauma should benefit from special consideration and care to avoid his or her re-traumatization in the course of legal and administrative procedures designed to provide justice and reparation.
七、受害者得到补救的权利
VICTIMS' RIGHT TO REMEDIES
11. 对粗暴违反国际人权法和严重违反国际人道主义法的补救包括受害者根据国际法有权：
Remedies for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law include the victim's right to the following as provided for under international law:
平等和有效地诉诸法律； 对所遭受的损害获得充分、有效和迅速的赔偿；以及 获得与违法行为和赔偿机制相关的信息。
(a) Equal and effective access to justice;
八、诉 诸 法 律
(c) Access to relevant information concerning violations and reparation mechanisms.
12. 粗暴违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法行为的受害者应可根据国际法平等地获得有效的司法补救。
A victim of a gross violation of international human rights law or of a serious violation of international humanitarian law shall have equal access to an effective judicial remedy as provided for under international law.
受害者还可以获得其他形式的补救，包括行政补救或其他机构的补救以及根据国内法设立的机制、方式和程序的补救。
Other remedies available to the victim include access to administrative and other bodies, as well as mechanisms, modalities and proceedings conducted in accordance with domestic law.
国内法应反映出国家根据国际法有义务确保诉诸法律和公正公平程序的权利。
Obligations arising under international law to secure the right to access justice and fair and impartial proceedings shall be reflected in domestic laws.
To that end, States should:
通过公、私机制宣传对粗暴违反国际人权法和严重违反国际人道主义法行为的一切现有补救手段； 在关系到受害者利益的司法、行政或其他程序进行之前、期间和之后采取措施，尽量减少给受害者及其代理人带来的不便，适当保护其隐私不受非法干扰，并确保受害者及其家人和证人的安全，使其免遭恐吓和报复； 向诉诸法律的受害者提供适当援助； 提供一切适当的法律、外交和领事途径，以确保粗暴违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法行为的受害者得以行使其得到补救的权利。
(d) Make available all appropriate legal, diplomatic and consular means to ensure that victims can exercise their rights to remedy for gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.
13. 除了个人可诉诸法律外，国家还应当努力制定相应程序，酌情允许受害者群体提出赔偿请求，并获得赔偿。
In addition to individual access to justice, States should endeavour to develop procedures to allow groups of victims to present claims for reparation and to receive reparation, as appropriate.
14. 对粗暴违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法行为进行的充分、有效和迅速的补救应当包括使用一切现有和适当的、承认个人法律资格的国际程序，并且不应当妨碍得到任何其他国内补救。
An adequate, effective and prompt remedy for gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law should include all available and appropriate international processes in which a person may have legal standing and should be without prejudice to any other domestic remedies.
九、对损害的赔偿
Reparation for harm suffered
15. 充分、有效和迅速赔偿的目的是通过纠正粗暴违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法的行为伸张正义。
Adequate, effective and prompt reparation is intended to promote justice by redressing gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.
赔偿应与违法行为和所受损害的严重程度相称。
Reparation should be proportional to the gravity of the violations and the harm suffered.
一国应根据其国内法和国际法律义务，就其须负责的构成粗暴违反国际人权法和严重违反国际人道主义法的行为或不行为，向受害者提供赔偿。
In accordance with its domestic laws and international legal obligations, a State shall provide reparation to victims for acts or omissions which can be attributed to the State and constitute gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.
个人、法人或其他实体若被裁定对受害者负有赔偿责任，应当向受害者提供赔偿，而如果国家已向受害者提供赔偿，则应当向国家提供补偿。
In cases where a person, a legal person, or other entity is found liable for reparation to a victim, such party should provide reparation to the victim or compensate the State if the State has already provided reparation to the victim.
16. 如果须为所遭受的损害负责的一方无法或不愿履行其义务，国家应当努力制定国家赔偿方案并向受害者提供其他援助。
States should endeavour to establish national programmes for reparation and other assistance to victims in the event that the party liable for the harm suffered is unable or unwilling to meet their obligations.
17. 对于受害者的赔偿请求，国家应对须为所遭受的损害负责的私人或实体执行国内赔偿判决，并根据国内法和国际法律义务，努力执行外国法律作出的有效赔偿判决。
States shall, with respect to claims by victims, enforce domestic judgements for reparation against individuals or entities liable for the harm suffered and endeavour to enforce valid foreign legal judgements for reparation in accordance with domestic law and international legal obligations.
为此，国家应当在其国内法中规定执行赔偿判决的有效机制。
To that end, States should provide under their domestic laws effective mechanisms for the enforcement of reparation judgements.
18. 应当根据国内法和国际法，并考虑到个别情况，按照违反行为的严重性和每一案件的具体案情，酌情根据原则19至原则23的规定，向受害者提供充分和有效的赔偿，赔偿应包括如下形式：复原、补偿、康复、满足和保证不再发生。
In accordance with domestic law and international law, and taking account of individual circumstances, victims of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law should, as appropriate and proportional to the gravity of the violation and the circumstances of each case, be provided with full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23, which include the following forms: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.
19. 复原应当尽可能将受害者恢复到发生粗暴违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法行为之前的原来状态。
Restitution should, whenever possible, restore the victim to the original situation before the gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law occurred.
复原视情况包括：恢复自由、享受人权、身份、家庭生活和公民地位、返回居住地、恢复职务和归还财产。
Restitution includes, as appropriate: restoration of liberty, enjoyment of human rights, identity, family life and citizenship, return to one's place of residence, restoration of employment and return of property.
20. 应当按照违法行为的严重性和每一案件的具体案情，酌情对粗暴违反国际人权法和严重违反国际人道主义法行为所造成的任何经济上可以估量的损害提供补偿，此类损害包括：
Compensation should be provided for any economically assessable damage, as appropriate and proportional to the gravity of the violation and the circumstances of each case, resulting from gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law, such as:
身心伤害； 失去的机会，包括就业机会、教育机会和社会福利； 物质损害和收入损失，包括收入潜力的损失； 精神伤害； 法律或专家援助费用、医药费用以及心理服务与社会服务费用。
(e) Costs required for legal or expert assistance, medicine and medical services, and psychological and social services.