B. 造成性虐待的环境因素
Environmental factors contributing to sexual abuse
30. 由于2003年5月在伊图里地区发生的种族冲突，该地区许多居民流离失所，而且变得十分贫困。
As a result of the ethnic conflict that broke out in the Ituri District in May 2003, many area residents were displaced and impoverished.
境内流离失所者营地收容了1万人左右，设在布尼亚镇之内，临近联刚特派团后勤基地。
The internally displaced persons camp, sheltering 10,000 people, is located inside the boundary of Bunia town, adjacent to the MONUC logistics base.
军事营地也非常靠近当地居民。
The military camps are also located in close proximity to the local population.
这样能提供针对民兵的必要安全缓冲区，也使得维和人员与当地居民能有非正式的交往，创造了进行剥削和虐待的环境。
Although this provides the necessary security buffer against the militias, it also allows for informal interaction between peacekeepers and the local population, creating an environment for exploitation and abuse to occur.
31. 促成虐待的一个主要原因是，国内冲突使得家庭分离所造成的贫穷。
One of the major causes encouraging the abuse is poverty resulting from the separation of families by internal conflict.
大部分受害者和证人极为脆弱，不仅因为他们年轻，而且因为他们单独居住，或与其他子女生活，或与家庭中的其他较年长的亲戚居住，而这些亲戚又无法提供他们的生活来源。
Most of the victims and witnesses are extremely vulnerable, not only because of their youth, but also because they are living alone, with other children or with older relatives in extended families who are unable to provide for them.
受害者和许多男孩都无法上学，因为他们支付不起学费。
The victims and a significant number of the boys are not in school because they cannot afford the fees.
32. 饥饿也使得儿童试图与联刚特派团部队成员接触，以便寻找食品或要一点钱。
Hunger has encouraged children to try to make contact with members of the MONUC troops to seek food or a little money.
由于担心民兵的攻击，当地居民无法进入他们的农田，使得食物无保障。
Food insecurity is brought about by the population's inability to access their farmlands because of fear of attacks from the militia.
因此，曾经能够在食品供应方面自给自足的居民现已难以维持生活。
Consequently, the population that was once self-sufficient in food supplies is finding it difficult to subsist.
该城镇就业机会匮乏，据报境内流离失所者营地的食物供应不足。
There is a scarcity of employment opportunity in the town, and the food supply in the camp is reportedly inadequate.
因此，家庭和社区结构瓦解。
A breakdown of family and community structures is the result.
33. 监督厅还注意到缺乏增强、保护或协助脆弱妇女和儿童能力的方案或设施。
OIOS also noted the paucity of programmes and facilities to empower, protect or assist vulnerable women and children.
由于缺乏工作机会，许多人没有替代的食物、衣服或其他必需品的来源。
Lacking work opportunities, many are without alternative sources of food, clothing and other necessities.
34. 目前，军事营地周围保安围栏不足，也使得维和人员及其非法的来访者能够在营地里来回行动而不受主管或很少几位营地警卫的注意。
At present, the inadequate security perimeter fencing around the military camps also enables the peacekeepers, and their illegal visitors, to move about the camp unnoticed by their supervisors or the few camp guards.
军事警察的巡逻不足以阻拦维和人员采取性方面的不当行为。
Patrols by the military police were insufficient to discourage peacekeepers from engaging in sexual misconduct.
特遣队指挥官实施纪律的努力也不够。
The efforts of contingent commanders to enforce discipline were also found to be inadequate.
尽管特遣队指挥官坚称，除非执勤，不允许他们的士兵到营地之外，监督厅小组在该城镇公共场所发现维和人员，尤其在餐馆，而且并非总是穿制服。
Although the contingent commanders had asserted that their troops were not allowed outside their camps unless on duty, the OIOS team observed peacekeepers in public places, especially restaurants, in the town, not always in uniform.
这不仅创造了与当地居民交往的机会，而且也可能产生安全方面的问题。
This created not only opportunities for interaction with the local populace, but also potential security problems.
例如，2004年9月，发生了一起事件，刚果民兵在指定的安全区域之外的某个地方，绑架了一名联刚特派团维和人员，据说此人当时穿平民服装，而且与当地居民在一起。
For example, in September 2004, an incident occurred where Congolese militia abducted a MONUC peacekeeper who was allegedly in civilian attire among the local population in an area outside the designated secure zone.
35. 虽然联刚特派团制定了防止性剥削和性虐待的指示，迄今为止，在布尼亚几乎没有采取任何行动来实施一项有效的预防方案。
Although MONUC has prepared directives on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse, at present, little has been done to implement an effective prevention programme in Bunia.
尽管发出一份关于建立联刚特派团人员行为问题委员会的指示通告，该委员会只停留在纸面上，因为那些负责确定该委员会者无法就委员会的职权范围达成一致意见。
Although an instruction circular was issued establishing the MONUC Personnel Conduct Committee, the Committee exists only on paper, as no agreement on its terms of reference has been reached by those responsible for finalizing it.
36. 小组与所涉维和人员的面谈也让人怀疑他们是否在部署到该特派团之前，已得到关于蓝盔部队个人行为守则的充分介绍。
The team's interviews with the implicated peacekeepers also raised doubts as to whether they had received an adequate briefing on the Code of Personal Conduct for Blue Helmets before being deployed in the Mission.