6 非正规部门不仅聘用的妇女人数超过男子，而且往往是被边缘化群体成员的唯一选项，因为对他们而言，进入正规工作市场的门坎非常高。
While the proportion of the labour force employed by the informal sector varies from country to country, it has been estimated to account for some 80 per cent of total non-agricultural employment in Africa, and over 90 per cent of all new jobs created in the region in the 1990s.6 The informal sector employs more women than men and is often the only option for members of marginalized groups for whom the barriers to entry into the formal job market are especially high.
36. 如果国家政府和地方政府加大支助力度，就可以发挥土著人民的企业家精神和非正规部门经营者的潜在创造力，小型非正规企业也可以发展成更具生产能力的正规企业，从而创造就业和增长，大幅增加税收。
With greater support from national and local governments, the indigenous entrepreneurship and creative potential of the informal sector operators could be tapped and small informal enterprises could grow into more productive formal enterprises which would yield employment, growth and a significant increase in tax revenues.
37. 由于受到若干限制，私营部门企业无法充分发挥潜力，其中包括没获得信贷和财政资源的机会不多。
A number of constraints prevent informal sector enterprises from achieving their full potential, including inadequate access to credit and financial resources.
不仅如此，许多参加非正规部门的人员缺乏实际经商知识，获得商业信息和商业支助服务的机会也有限。
Furthermore, many people engaged in the informal sector lack business know-how and have limited opportunities to access business information and business support services.
为了促进非正规企业向全面的生产性正规企业的转变，建议各国政府引入并增强微额信贷方案，向小型企业提供信息服务，以此作为国家减贫战略的关键组成部分。
To facilitate the evolution of informal enterprises into fully productive formal enterprises, it is recommended that Governments introduce and enhance microcredit schemes and provide small business information services as a key component of the country's poverty reduction strategy.
38. 私营部门必须发挥主导作用，推动在新伙伴关系下建立新发展框架。
To create momentum for the new development framework under NEPAD, the private sector must play a leading role.
必须就一系列问题采取行动，向地位稳固的私营部门公司提供支助。
Actions are required on a range of issues to support established private sector firms.
非洲各国政府应努力同包括中小企业在内的私营部门代表建立真正的伙伴关系。
Governments in Africa should strive to establish a real partnership with representatives of the private sector, including small and medium-sized enterprises.
可以利用公营-私营部门伙伴关系来改善能源和供水等基本服务的提供，增加利用大笔融资的机会，增强各项技能。
Public-private partnerships can be used to improve the delivery of basic services, such as energy and water, facilitate access to larger financing opportunities and enhance skills.
39. 非洲各国必须调整国内金融部门的结构，建立资本市场和非银行金融机构。
African countries must restructure their domestic financial sectors and develop capital markets and non-bank financial institutions.
小额供资机构也可以发挥作用，增强个体企业家的力量，向他们提供积累小规模资本的手段，以创办小型和中型企业。
Microfinance institutions can also play a role by empowering individual entrepreneurs through providing the means to accumulate small-scale capital for starting up small and medium-sized enterprises.
40. 在某些情况下，非洲各国政府可以协助国内私营部门公司与外国企业建立联系，为它们在非洲大陆经商提供初次奖励（财政、金融等方面奖励），此外，非洲各国政府可以推动建立由私营部门代表和政府官员组成的投资者咨询委员会。
In certain circumstances, African Governments could help to develop linkages between domestic private sector firms and foreign businesses by offering initial incentives (fiscal, financial etc.) for doing business on the continent.
Moreover, Governments in Africa could promote the establishment of advisory councils for investors, which would include private sector representatives and governmental officials.
这些委员会将提供渠道供潜在投资者与决策者直接沟通。
Such councils would provide a direct channel for communication between potential investors and policymakers.
委员会的主要目的是协助政府将工作重心放在建立有利于投资的环境上。
The main aim of the councils would be to help to focus the efforts of Governments on creating an environment that is conducive to investment.
各国政府还可以为侨居者将储蓄投资于国内提供适当的保障，以此为私营部门的发展调动金融资源。
Governments could also mobilize financial resources for private sector development by providing appropriate guarantees for members of the diaspora to invest their savings domestically.
41. 联合国开发计划署（开发计划署）通过的发展可持续工商业促进减贫倡议，其目的是促进并增加对可持续发展及千年发展目标具有积极影响的投资活动和商业活动。
The Growing Sustainable Business (GSB) initiative for poverty reduction, adopted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) aims to facilitate and increase investment and business activities that have a positive impact on sustainable development and the Millennium Development Goals.
在发展可持续工商业倡议的范围内，开发计划署起到了中间人作用：通过制定最先进的新型商业模式，将私营部门的能力与当地优先发展事项联系起来。
In the context of the GSB initiative, UNDP plays the role of broker by linking private sector abilities and local development priorities through the development of new, cutting-edge business models.
如果捐助国可以提供更多的资源，开发计划署可以安排建立更多的公司与非政府组织或当地政府机构之间的伙伴关系，从而扩展这一倡议。
With more resources provided by donor countries, UNDP could extend the initiative by brokering more partnerships between companies and non-governmental organizations or local government bodies.
E. 改善非洲的施政
E.
Improvements in governance in Africa
42. 对于非洲施政改革应该具备哪些关键要素，正在逐步形成共识。
There is a growing consensus on what should comprise the key elements of governance reforms in Africa.
这些要素包括：建立或加强各种机构来促进公共事务的可预测性、问责制及透明度；倡导自由公平的选举进程；恢复国家机构的能力、特别是正在摆脱冲突国家的机构能力；采取反腐败措施；增强公共服务提供系统的能力。
These include creating or strengthening institutions that foster predictability, accountability and transparency in public affairs; promoting a free and fair electoral process; restoring the capabilities of state institutions, especially those in States emerging from conflict; anti-corruption measures; and enhancing the capacity of public service delivery systems.
43. 在新伙伴关系主持下建立的非洲同侪审议机制，最能说明非洲对新施政办法的承诺。
Nothing better illustrates Africa's commitment to a new approach to governance than the establishment of APRM, under the aegis of NEPAD.
非洲同侪审议机制是非洲各国政府自愿支持的工具，现已拟订出商定施政规范，并有一个审查遵守情况的机制。
Created as an instrument to which African Governments voluntarily subscribe, APRM has developed agreed codes of governance and incorporated a mechanism for reviewing adherence.
约半数非洲国家已加入非洲同侪审议机制，若干国家即将完成第一次审查。
About one half of African countries have acceded to APRM and several are nearing completion of their first review.