13. 国际社会的主要发展目标是实现可持续发展，并以此为手段确保人类今世后代平等享受福祉。
The key development goal for the international community is to achieve sustainable development as a means to ensure human well-being, equitably shared by all people today and in the future.
《行动纲领》把这一目标作为首要目标。
The Programme of Action also has this as an overriding goal.
《行动纲领》指出，既要实现可持续发展，就要充分认识和妥善处理人口、资源、环境和发展之间的相互关系，使之达到和谐而积极的平衡（原则6）。
According to the Programme of Action, the achievement of sustainable development requires that the interrelationships between population, resources, the environment and development be fully recognized, properly managed and brought into a harmonious, dynamic balance (principle 6).
鉴于世界人口、特别是发展中国家的人口将大幅度增长，《行动纲领》认识到应该尽早降低人口增长率。
Because population is expected to increase substantially, especially in developing countries, the Programme of Action recognizes the usefulness of achieving a lower population growth as early as possible.
《行动纲领》指出，许多国家人口增长减缓，为适应今后的人口增长赢得了更多的时间，并加强了这些国家克服贫穷、保护和恢复环境、为可持续发展创造条件的能力（第3.14段）。
It notes that in many countries, slower population growth has bought more time to adjust to future population increases, improving the ability of those countries to combat poverty, protect and repair the environment, and set the conditions for sustainable development (para.
即使向稳定生育率过渡十年，生活品质就会发生重大而积极的变化（同上）。
Even the difference of a single decade in the transition to stabilization levels of fertility can have a considerable positive impact on quality of life (ibid.).
14. 因此，《行动纲领》呼吁制订切实反映人口动态短期、中期和长期影响的发展战略（第3.5段），把人口问题纳入发展和环境方案，这种方案既应考虑到生产和消费模式，又应设法使人口趋势与实现可持续发展和提升生活品质相协调（第3.6段）。
Consequently, the Programme of Action calls for the formulation of development strategies that realistically reflect the short-term, medium-term and long-term implications of population dynamics (para. 3.5) by integrating population into development and environment programmes that take into account patterns of production and consumption and seek to bring about population trends consistent with the achievement of sustainable development and the improvement of the quality of life (para.
15. 《行动纲领》指出，为确保不断增长人口的经济利益，必须优先投资人力资源开发，增加获得信息、接受教育、发展技能和就业等方面的机会（第3.17段）。
The Programme of Action notes that, to ensure the economic well-being of growing populations, investment in human resource development must be given priority, by increasing access to, inter alia, information, education, skill development and employment opportunities (para.
《行动纲领》特别强调，必须消除目前妇女在就业方面的不平等现象和种种障碍，促进和加强妇女取得生产资源、拥有土地和继承财产的权利（第3.18段）。
It particularly underscores that existing inequities and barriers to women in the workforce should be eliminated and that women's access to productive resources, and ownership of land, and their right to inherit property, should be promoted and strengthened (para.
《行动纲领》鼓励各国政府和私营部门增加各行各业的就业机会，在无害环境的基础上扩大贸易和投资，加大对人力资源开发的投资，建设民主体制，建立善政（第3.21段）。
It encourages Governments and the private sector to foster job creation in all sectors by expanding trade and investment on an environmentally sound basis, increasing investment in human resource development, and developing democratic institutions and good governance (para.
全面执行这些措施将大大有助于促进发展。
Full implementation of these measures would contribute significantly to promoting development.
16. 主要发展目标之一是确保环境的可持续性，特别要把可持续发展原则纳入国家政策和计划，扭转环境资源丧失的趋势。
One of the major development goals is to ensure environmental sustainability, particularly by integrating the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes, so as to reverse the loss of environmental resources.
《行动纲领》认识到良好的环境是满足不断增长人口的基本需要的必要条件，并提出了解决人类对环境压力的指导方针。
The Programme of Action recognizes that meeting the basic human needs of growing populations is dependent on a healthy environment and it provides guidance on how to address the human dimensions of pressures on the environment.
然而，《行动纲领》还认识到，“各种人口因素，加上有些地区贫困、缺乏资源，另一些地区则改变不了过度消费和浪费的生产格局，造成和加剧了环境恶化和资源枯竭问题，从而妨碍了可持续发展”（第3.25段）。
However, it also recognizes that “(d)emographic factors, combined with poverty and lack of access to resources in some areas, and excessive consumption and wasteful production patterns in others, cause or exacerbate problems of environmental degradation and resource depletion and thus inhibit sustainable development” (para.
为制止或扭转这种结果，《行动纲领》对《21世纪议程》6 商定的目标和行动表示支持，并建议各国政府“执行政策，以应付今后不可避免的人口增长、特别是在生态脆弱地区和大型都市地区人口集中和分布的变化对生态造成的影响”（第3.29段(e)分段）。
To prevent or reverse these outcomes, the Programme of Action supports the objectives and actions agreed to in Agenda 216 and recommends that Governments “(i)mplement policies to address the ecological implications of inevitable future increases in population numbers and changes in concentration and distribution, particularly in ecologically vulnerable areas and urban agglomerations” (para.
建议同时呼吁“将人口因素”纳入“环境影响评估以及旨在实现可持续发展的其他规划和决策程序”（第3.29段(a)分段）。
This recommendation, in conjunction with the call for the integration of “demographic factors into environment impact assessments and other planning and decision-making processes aimed at achieving sustainable development” (para.
这项建议完全符合千年发展目标，并突出了人口问题在实现可持续发展中的重要性。
3.29 (a)), is fully consistent with the Millennium Development Goals and underscores the importance of population aspects in the pursuit of sustainable development.
为此，虽然《行动纲领》承认未来世界人口、特别是更加贫穷、最为脆弱国家的人口将不可避免地进一步增加，但是响应《行动纲领》的号召普及计划生育服务，将有助于减少世界人口的增加。
In this regard, although the Programme of Action recognizes that further increases in population numbers are inevitable, particularly in the poorer and most vulnerable countries, the implementation of its call for universal access to family planning services is expected to contribute to a reduction in the growth of the world's population.
B. 消除贫穷
B.
Eradication of poverty
17. 《行动纲领》认识到，“普遍贫困仍然是发展努力的主要挑战。
The Programme of Action recognizes that “(w)idespread poverty remains the major challenge to development efforts.
往往因为贫困而造成失业、营养不良、文盲、妇女地位低下、易受环境风险、获得社会服务和计划生育等保健服务的机会受到限制。
Poverty is often accompanied by unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy, low status of women, exposure to environmental risks and limited access to social and health services including family planning.
所有这些因素造成了高生育率、高发病率、高死亡率和低经济生产力。
All these factors contribute to high levels of fertility, morbidity and mortality, as well as to low economic productivity.
贫困也同人口分布不均、不能持续利用和公平分配土地、水等自然资源和环境严重退化有密切的联系”（第3.13段）。
Poverty is also closely related to inappropriate spatial distribution of population, to unsustainable use and inequitable distribution of such natural resources as land and water, and to serious environmental degradation” (para.
《行动纲领》强调，在促进可持续发展的同时实现持续经济增长是根除贫穷的必要条件，而根除贫穷也有利于减缓人口增长和尽早实现人口稳定（第3.15段）。
The Programme of Action stresses that sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development is essential to eradicating poverty, which in turn will contribute to slowing population growth and to achieving early population stabilization (para.