基准和指标应当能够运作，并适于用来为最终用户谋取利益。
(h) The B&I should be operational and suitable for use in benefiting the end-users.
应当加强各个级别制定和使用基准和指标的能力。
(i) There should be reinforcement of capacities at different levels in setting and using B&I.
应当出版一份手册和工具包，以便更好地宣传有关框架。
(j) A manual and tool kit for better dissemination of the framework should be published.
工作方案活动9：评价和建议用于短期和 长期预警系统的指导方针 (协调员：V. Castillo博士)
WP Activity 9: Evaluate and recommend guidelines for both short-term
概 述
Summary
58. 专家组承认，基准和指标、荒漠化监测和评估及预警系统是了解干旱和荒漠化进程有关因素和时空特征的整体办法不可分割的组成部分。
The GoE recognized that B&I, desertification monitoring and assessment and EWSs are integral components of the holistic approach to understanding the factors and spatio-temporal characteristics of drought and desertification processes.
专家组还意识到，在《防治荒漠化公约》主持下，在国家、区域和全球一级的行动方案中，推动采取了一些主动行动，以发展和实施荒漠化预警系统。
The GoE also recognizes that several initiatives have been promoted for the development and implementation of desertification EWSs in the action programmes at national, regional and global levels under the auspices of the UNCCD.
然而，迄今为止，尚未开展综合研究，将这些工具标准化，以便更广泛地应用。
No integrated studies, however, have been undertaken so far to standardize these tools for wider applications.
从以前各个特设小组的结果来看，人们的结论是，知识差距仍然存在，在将广泛接受的预警原则转化为面向行动的程序(国家行动方案和区域行动方案)方面仍然有一些问题。
From the results of previous ad-hoc panels, it was concluded that knowledge gaps still exist and there are questions pending about translating broadly accepted principles on early warning into action-oriented procedures (NAPs and regional action programmes (RAPs)).
59. 提议的目标是： 在荒漠化的范围内评价现有预警系统，应涉及下列专题： 用于评估和预测荒漠化的方法； 向最终用户推广信息的系统； 一种综合机制，以便在防治荒漠化决策链中实际使用预警系统。
(iii) The integration mechanisms for an operational use of EWSs in the chain of decision-making to combat desertification.
制定有关方法的指导方针，以建立多尺度荒漠化预警系统。
(b) The production of guidelines on methodology for building multi-scale desertification EWSs.
为试验研究提出提议，比较荒漠化预警系统在若干风险领域的使用情况。
(c) Development of a proposal for a pilot study comparing the use of desertification EWSs in selected risk areas.
结 论
Conclusions
60. 经过专家组成员和外部观察员的讨论，得出的结论是： 有若干监测和分析荒漠化脆弱性的平台和模式。
(a) There are several platforms and models for monitoring and analysing desertification vulnerability.
需要对现有努力进行比较评估。
A comparative assessment of existing efforts is necessary.
需要采用参与性的办法发展、建立并验证可运行的预警系统。
(b) There is a need to use a participatory approach in developing, establishing and validating operational EWSs.
基于基准和指标、业务监测和评估系统及预警系统的综合方法是荒漠化评价整体办法的组成部分。
(c) Integrated methodologies based on B&I as well as operational monitoring and assessment systems and EWSs are components of a holistic approach to desertification evaluation.
需要改进评估方法，不仅要考虑到荒漠化的症状，而且要考虑到各种驱动因素：气候、机构和社会经济因素。
(d) There is a need to improve the assessment methodologies taking into account not only the symptoms of desertification but also the driving forces: climatic, institutional and socio-economic.
需要建立可运行的预警系统，并在决策链中改善其落实情况。
(e) There is a need to set up operational EWSs and improve their implementation in the decision-making chain.
建 议
Recommendations
61. 专家组提出了下列建议： 应当充分利用现有预警系统和机构网络，以发展干旱和荒漠化的可运行的预警系统。
(a) Existing EWSs and institutional networks should be fully utilized for the development of operational EWSs for both drought and desertification.
在得出结论时，专家组应当利用对实施预警系统成功和失败实例的分析和正在进行的试验研究。
(b) In drawing conclusions, the GoE should make use of analysis of successful and failed stories of implementation of EWSs and ongoing pilot studies.
为了验证预警系统，应当鼓励在不同的荒漠化风险地区开展试验研究。
(c) Pilot studies in different desertification risk areas should be encouraged for the purpose of validating EWSs.
应当在专家组内加强荒漠化预警系统工作组和其他工作组(特别是荒漠化评估、基准和指标)之间的协调和一体化。
(d) Coordination and integration among the desertification EWSs working group and the other working groups (especially desertification assessment, B&I) should be strengthened within the GoE