31. 对妇女实施暴力是最严重的侵犯妇女人权行为，这种情况在世界各地依然十分猖獗。
Violence against women, which is a fundamental violation of women's human rights, remains pervasive in all parts of the world.
妇女一生中受到很多暴力，不论是在私营还是公共领域中以及各种形式表现的暴力，其中包括家庭暴力和学校中的骚扰，以及武装冲突局势中的强奸和性奴役。
25 这种暴力形式中对妇女和女孩子享有人权，包括在保健、工作和教育领域中享有人权都带来了恶劣影响，造成妇女受教育程度低下，缺乏技能和工作机遇。
26 对妇女实施暴力严重妨碍妇女和女孩子充分利用她们的能力，限制她们参与发展，包括实现千年发展目标。
27 因此必须明确具体地研究在教育、卫生和工作领域中，对妇女实施暴力与两性平等之间的关联。
Women experience violence throughout their life cycle, in both private and public spheres, and in many different forms and manifestations which range from domestic violence and harassment in schools to rape and sexual slavery in armed conflict.25 Such forms of violence also impact negatively on women's and girls' enjoyment of human rights, including in the areas of health, work and education, and contribute to women's lower levels of education, skills and work opportunities.26 Violence against women constitutes a major impediment to women's and girls' ability to make use of their capabilities, limiting their participation and agency in development, including in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.27 It is therefore important to specifically address the linkages between violence against women and gender equality in the areas of education, health and work.
32. 暴力、或对暴力的恐惧与女孩子及妇女接受教育之间存在着关联，应采取协调和有步骤的预防和补救措施。
The links between violence, or fear of violence, and girls' and women's education should lead to more concerted and systematic preventive and remedial action.
父母提及暴力或担心暴力，或教师的性骚扰是送女孩子上学的主要障碍。
Parents cite violence, or fear of violence including sexual harassment by teachers, as key obstacles to sending girls to school.
同样，家庭暴力给女孩子在学校中的表现以及妇女在接受教育方面的成就都带来了不利的影响。
Similarly, violence in the home impacts negatively on the performance of girls in school as well as on women's educational achievements.
33. 对妇女实施暴力与各种健康不良情况有明显的关联。
Violence against women is significantly correlated with a wide range of poor health outcomes.
除了受伤和致死外，还包括身心痛苦和抑郁、病痛、感染爱滋病毒和其他性传播疾病。
In addition to injury and fatality, these include manifestations of physical and mental illness and distress, pain, infection with the HIV virus and other sexually transmitted diseases.
对妇女实施暴力还加剧了健康不良的负担，福祉匮乏给妇女的身心状况带来了不利影响，包括性和生殖卫生以及对受害者家庭的影响。
Violence against women also contributes to the overall burden of ill health and lack of well-being through its impact on women's physical and mental health, including sexual and reproductive health, as well as its impact on victims' families.
卫生部门，包括保健相关服务部门的医务工作者应发挥重要作用，打击暴力行为，特别是在查找和援助暴力行为受害者方面发挥重要作用。
The health sector, including all providers of health-related services, plays a critical role in the response to such violence, especially in identifying and providing assistance to victims of abuse.28
34. 对妇女实施暴力的代价远远超出妇女丧失收入，其他损失包括各种经济上的影响，例如缺勤，劳动力市场人数减少以及生产力下降等等。
Estimates of the costs of violence against women include, beyond the personal loss of income to women, the broader economic effects of absenteeism, decreased labour-market participation and decreased productivity.
35. 专家组会议指出，全球化为创造有利环境实现两性平等和提高妇女地位带来了巨大的挑战。
The Expert Group Meeting noted that globalization had presented a significant challenge to the creation of an enabling environment for gender equality and the advancement of women.
经济自由化对妇女参与发展进程的影响是不平衡的(见秘书长关于农村妇女状况的报告(A/56/268和A/58/167和Add.1))。
Economic liberalization has had uneven impacts on women's participation in development processes (see the reports of the Secretary-General on the situation of women in rural areas (A/56/268 and A/58/167 and Add.1)).
妇女享有的福利包括更多的享有就业机会，了解掌握信息和通信技术。
Benefits to women have included greater access to employment opportunities and access to ICT.
但是，某些领域的社会保护和基本服务减少加剧了性别不平等状况(见E/CN.6/2005/2和Corr.1，第43段)。
However, decreased social protection and basic services in some areas have increased gender inequalities (see E/CN.6/2005/2 and Corr.1, para.
36. 很多国家在妇女和女孩子接受教育方面取得了重大进展，但是限制社会部门的公共支出以及教育和保健服务逐渐私有化也加剧了妇女和女孩子的贫困，妨碍她们参与发展进程。
29 面向市场的服务和注重成本效益会使选择受到限制，造成基础设施和服务质量低下，使贫穷妇女更难于得到各种服务。
While many countries have made progress in improving access to education and health services for women and girls, the restriction of public expenditures in social sectors and increasing privatization of education and health services have in other cases increased the poverty of women and girls and hindered their integration in development processes.29 Market-oriented service provision and focus on cost-effectiveness may limit choices, lead to lower quality of infrastructure and services, and reduce poor women's access to services.
很多低收入妇女没有健康保险，包括那些在非正规部门工作的妇女都无法支付私营和价格昂贵的医疗保险。
Many low-income women with no health insurance, including those working in the informal sector, cannot afford privatized and costly health systems.30
37. 在一些国家中，全球结构调整进程，贸易自由化和外国直接投资扩大了劳动力市场重新安排的范围，使妇女更多地参与经济，特别是非全时工作和临时工作以及自谋职业。
In some countries global restructuring processes, trade liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have generated a broad range of labour arrangements and increased women's participation in the economy, inter alia, through part-time and temporary work, and self-employment.
这种就业通常都不稳定，其特点是缺乏社会保护，特别是对妇女移徙工人而言。
31 信息和通信技术创造了各种新型工作，可能会给妇女带来益处，例如外包和在家里从事的工作，但在很多国家中，妇女和男人在接触和使用信息通信技术方面仍存在着巨大差距。
Such employment tends, however, to be insecure and characterized by a lack of social protection, especially for women migrant workers.31 While ICT has created new types of work that may potentially benefit women, such as outsourcing and home-based work, there is still a wide gap between women and men in access to and usage of ICT in many countries.
38. 从全球来说，非全时工作中的妇女人数过多，同时男女工资差距始终存在。
Globally, women are over-represented in employment that is part-time and there are persistent wage gaps between women and men.32 Both vertical and horizontal occupational sex segregation exists in all parts of the world, inter alia, as a result of gender inequality in education, training and recruitment, as well as of sociocultural attitudes and practices.