这样，罗马尼亚正在努力制订和实施广泛的山岳政策和山区可持续发展方案，处理土地退化、人口衰减和山地文化衰退的紧迫问题。
In this way, Romania is moving ahead in its drive to develop and implement a broad-ranging mountain policy and sustainable mountain development programme that will address the urgent issues of land degradation, depopulation and the decline in mountain agriculture.
四. 区域合作和跨界办法
Regional cooperation and transboundary approaches
22. 虽然山脉往往是好几个国家共有的，但区域和分区域的合作往往受到国家法律的制约或阻碍。
Although mountain ranges are often shared among several countries, regional and subnational cooperation is often limited or hampered by national laws.
要对两个或多个国家间共享的地区进行有效管理，就必须作出新颖的法律安排。
The need for innovative legal arrangements is a prerequisite for effective management of areas shared among two or more countries.
因此，对通过新体制安排、让一个以上的国家的地方当局代表参与的管理山区模式进行研究，乃是尤为及时的。
For this reason, the study of a modality for managing mountain areas through new institutional settings that allow for the inclusion of representatives of local authorities of more than one country is especially timely.
23. 欧洲研究院是意大利一家进行应用研究和延续教育的研究机构；它进行了一项研究，分析国家以下各级进行跨界合作的法律文书和机制。
The European Academy (EUAC), an Italian institute for applied research and further education, has conducted a study to analyse the legal instruments and mechanisms for transboundary cooperation at the subnational level.
此项研究是在“勃朗峰空间”的范畴内进行的。
The study was undertaken in context of the “Espace Mont Blanc”, an area that is jointly managed by three subnational authorities from Italy, France and Switzerland.
勃朗峰空间由意大利、法国和瑞士的三个国家以下一级的当局共同管理。
The study was undertaken in context of the “Espace Mont Blanc”, an area that is jointly managed by three subnational authorities from Italy, France and Switzerland.
此项研究的结果，可以成为供同样需要共同管理国界山脉的其他地区参考的模式。
The result of the study could serve as a model to be adapted to other regions faced with the same needs of jointly managing mountain ranges on national borders.
《阿尔卑斯山公约》
Alpine Convention
24. 奥地利、瑞士、德国、法国、列支敦士登、意大利、摩纳哥、斯洛文尼亚和欧洲共同体之间的跨界山岳协作是由《阿尔卑斯山公约》规定的，这是包含如此广袤地域的第一份国际公约。
Transboundary collaboration on mountains between Austria, Switzerland, Germany, France, Liechtenstein, Italy, Monaco, Slovenia and the European Community is defined by the Alpine Convention, the first international convention to encompass such an extensive land mass.
《公约》涉及整个阿尔卑斯山区，面积约190 000平方公里，在那里估计居住着1 320万人。
The Convention covers the entire Alpine region, which comprises some 190,000 square kilometres and is home to an estimated 13.2 million people.
25. 《公约》努力确保阿尔卑斯山的可持续综合发展，这项基本概念贯穿此项框架公约和各主题议定书，如空间规划、山地农作、保护自然和地貌景观、山林、旅游业、土壤保护、能源和运输。
The Convention strives to ensure integrated, sustainable development of the Alps, a fundamental concept that runs through the framework convention and the thematic protocols, such as spatial planning, mountain farming, conservation of nature and landscape, mountain forests, tourism, soil protection, energy and transport.
此外，《公约》提倡建设性的新办法，以确保有吸引力的生活条件和发展机会，在变化的环境中，保存那些值得保存的东西。
In addition, the Convention promotes constructive new approaches in order to guarantee attractive living conditions and development opportunities that preserve that which is worth preserving in a changing environment.
26. 该框架公约是由各缔约方于1991年至1994年间签署的，1995年生效。
The framework convention was signed by the contracting parties between 1991 and 1994, and became effective in 1995.
到2002年，各成员国接着签署了各份议定书，议定书于2002年12月18日生效。
By 2002, the various protocols had been subsequently signed by the member States and became effective on 18 December 2002.
并非所有缔约方都批准了全部的议定书。
Not all protocols have yet been ratified by all the contracting parties.
27. 《阿尔卑斯山公约》常设秘书处2003年在（奥地利）因斯布鲁克成立，在《意大利》博岑设立办事处。
A permanent secretariat for the Alpine Convention was set up in 2003 in Innsbruck (Austria), with an office in Bozen (Italy).
具体遵照《阿尔卑斯山公约》的三个网络，即阿尔卑斯山保护区网络、阿尔卑斯山联盟的地方当局网络以及国际阿尔卑斯山研究科学委员会，又对实施工作作出重大贡献。
Another important contribution towards implementation has been made by the three networks that specifically refer to the Alpine Convention, namely the Alpine Network of Protected Areas, the Alliance in the Alps network of local authorities and the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps.
28. 《公约》的多年工作方案是以今后六年的重要问题为基础的——移动、出入难易程度以及过境交通，社会、文化和身份，旅游业、休闲和体育，自然、农业和林业以及文化景观。
The multi-annual work programme of the Convention is based on key issues for the next six years: mobility, accessibility and transit traffic; society, culture and identity; tourism, leisure and sports; nature, agriculture and forestry and cultural landscape.
29. 《阿尔卑斯山公约》采取综合性办法，包容生态、经济和社会方面，成为其他山区和公约的先行者。
With its integrative approach embracing ecological, economic and social aspects, the Alpine Convention has been a precursor for other mountain areas and conventions.
目前正在同喀尔巴阡、高加索和中亚（天山/帕米尔）的山区开展密切合作活动。
Close cooperation activities are running currently with the mountain regions of the Carpathians, the Caucasus and Central Asia (Tienshan/Pamir).
同其他山区和公约的合作也在该公约的多年工作方案中发挥重要作用。
Cooperation with other mountain areas and conventions also plays an important role in the multi-annual work programme of the Convention.
人们认为，交流经验，包括同其他山区结成伙伴关系，不仅是实施方面的优先事项，而且也是跨部门的任务。
The exchange of experiences, including partnerships with other mountain areas, is considered not only an implementation priority but also a cross-sectional task.