55．近东和中东地区只有极少的资料来源提供了有关因药物问题接受治疗者中的性别比例情况。
In the Near and Middle East, only a few sources provide information about the gender profile of persons receiving treatment for drug problems.
2003年，黎巴嫩和以色列接受药物滥用治疗服务的女性比例分别为12%和15%。
In Lebanon and Israel, the proportion of females attending drug abuse treatment services in 2003 was 12 and 15 per cent, respectively.
而科威特2001年接受此类治疗服务的女性比例仅为2%。
In Kuwait, the proportion of females in such treatment services was only 2 per cent in 2001.
在北非，埃及的可用数据显示，2001年仅有极小比例（2.8%）的接受治疗服务者为女性。
Proportion of females among persons receiving treatment for drug problems, by region, latest estimates available
56．拉丁美洲和加勒比地区2003年因药物问题而接受治疗者中的女性比例为12%，但该区域内只有不到一半国家提供包括此类治疗者性别分布情况的数据。
In Latin America and the Caribbean, the proportion of females in treatment for drug problems was, on average, 12 per cent in 2003, although less than half of the countries in the region have treatment data that include the gender of those receiving such treatment.
57．在北美洲，美国主要因使用大麻、海洛因和（非吸食）可卡因而接受治疗者的性别差异尤其大，男性在因那些药物滥用而收容者中占了三分之二以上。
In North America, the gender difference in the United States is particularly large primarily for cannabis, heroin and (non-smoking) cocaine use, males accounting for over two thirds of the admissions for the abuse of those drugs.
对于主要因使用甲基安非他明或安非他明以及吸食可卡因而收容者，性别差异稍微较小。
With regard to the admissions primarily for methamphetamine (or amphetamine) and smoked cocaine use, the gender difference is somewhat smaller.5
58．欧洲各国因药物问题接受治疗者中男女比例差别很大，从3:1至6:1参差不齐，女性药物使用者比例最高的是北欧国家和欧洲联盟的新成员国。
In Europe, the ratio of males to females in treatment for drug problems varies considerably between countries, ranging from 3:1 to 6:1, the highest proportion of female drug users being found in countries in northern Europe and the new member States of the European Union.4 In the Russian Federation, males account for over 80 per cent of all persons registered for treatment for the abuse of drugs, with some differences by substance.
4俄罗斯联邦因药物滥用而注册接受治疗的所有人中，男性占了80%以上，因物质不同而存在一些差异。
In Europe, the ratio of males to females in treatment for drug problems varies considerably between countries, ranging from 3:1 to 6:1, the highest proportion of female drug users being found in countries in northern Europe and the new member States of the European Union.4 In the Russian Federation, males account for over 80 per cent of all persons registered for treatment for the abuse of drugs, with some differences by substance.
女性比例在因使用大麻而接受治疗的人群中最低（5.6%），而在因使用安非他明类兴奋剂而接受治疗的人群中最高（20.1%）。
The proportion of females in treatment is lowest for cannabis use (5.6 per cent) and highest for ATS use (20.1 per cent).
四、改进全球药物滥用信息库
Improving the global information base on substance abuse
59．麻醉药品委员会在其题为“优化整合药物信息系统”的第47/1号决议中，要求执行主任向麻委会第四十八届会议报告该决议的执行情况。
In its resolution 47/1, entitled “Optimizing integrated drug information systems”, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs requested the Executive Director to report to it at its forty-eighth session on the implementation of that resolution.
根据该要求，本节回顾了联合国毒品和犯罪问题办事处（UNODC）为了与其他国际机构和专家机构共同改进全球信息库而开展的活动。
Pursuant to that request, this section contains a review of the activities undertaken by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to improve the global information base in collaboration with other international agencies and expert bodies.
60．前面的数据显示，尽管各国有关其药物滥用形势的数据收集能力有了长足进步，但在信息方面还存在一些大的漏洞。
The data presented above indicate that, although there has been considerable progress in the capacity of countries to collect data on their drug abuse situation, there are still big gaps in the information.
除非成员国和国际组织能够填补此类漏洞，否则，将很难评价未来几年在减少非法药物需求方面的进展情况。
Unless Member States and international organizations are able to fill such gaps, it will be difficult to assess the progress made in the reduction of demand for illicit drugs in the next few years.
61．主要通过涉及药物滥用状况和趋势的年度报告调查表，以及关于坚持《减少毒品需求指导原则宣言》（大会第S-20/3号决议，附件）的减少需求战略和计划实施的两年期报告调查表，监测各国实现减少需求目标的进展情况。
Monitoring progress by Member States towards the goals pertaining to demand reduction is done largely through the annual reports questionnaire, as far as patterns and trends in the abuse of drugs are concerned, and through the biennial reports questionnaire with regard to the implementation of demand reduction strategies and programmes that adhere to the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction (General Assembly resolution S-20/3, annex).
2004年有关药物滥用世界形势的报告（E/CN.7/2004/2）讨论了衡量实现目标进展方面的一些挑战。
In the 2004 report on the world situation with regard to drug abuse (E/CN.7/2004/2), some of the challenges measuring progress towards the goals were discussed.
62．为了提高物质滥用全球数据的涵盖率，促进现有文件和数据库的利用，毒品和犯罪问题办事处一直与世界卫生组织（卫生组织）合作，以确保成员国能够获得合法和非法物质的使用和滥用数据。
To improve the coverage of global data on substance abuse and improve the use of existing instruments and databases, UNODC has been working together with the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure that Member States have the possibility to obtain data on the use and abuse both of licit and illicit substances.
特别就卫生组织管理的烟草使用数据库（毒品和犯罪问题办事处在全球青年吸烟调查中也提供了投入）和酒精使用数据库和毒品和犯罪问题办事处管理的非法药物滥用信息的协调，展开了讨论与合作。
In particular, there have been discussions and collaboration with regard to the harmonization of the databases on tobacco (UNODC has provided input into the Global Youth Tobacco Survey) and alcohol use managed by WHO and the information on illicit drug abuse managed by UNODC.
在卫生组织的心理保健资源研究和称作评估系统项目的专门收集治疗和预防资源信息的滥用趋势关联性警告系统的背景下，毒品和犯罪问题办事处与卫生组织还进行了信息交流。
UNODC is also exchanging information with WHO in the context of the WHO study of mental health resources, the abuse trends linkage alerting system, known as the ATLAS project, which collects information on treatment and prevention resources.
63．另外，卫生组织还为毒品和犯罪问题办事处与欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心（EMCDDA）的治疗数据收集工具包开发项目做出了贡献。
In addition, WHO contributed to the project of UNODC and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) for the development of a tool kit for the collection of treatment data.
作为《全球药物滥用评估方案》活动的一部分，正与欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心和其他国际机构和专家机构的专家联手开发有助于各成员国汇编可比治疗数据的工具包。
The tool kit, which will assist Member States in compiling comparable treatment data, is being developed as part of the activities of the Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abuse of UNODC, in collaboration with EMCDDA and experts of other international agencies and expert bodies.
64．自1999年以来，通过《全球药物滥用评估方案》，毒品和犯罪问题办事处通过培训、形势分析和网络设置的形式，向51个国家提供了援助。
Since 1999, through the Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abuse, UNODC has provided assistance to 51 countries in the form of training, situation analyses and network establishment.
在49个国家就人口、学校、问题药物使用者、治疗需求和艾滋病毒展开了调查。
In 49 countries, surveys on population, schools, problem drug users, treatment demand and HIV were carried out.