凡根据相竞政策目标划定的任何其他除外情形均应在数量和范围上受到限制，应在法律中明确列出，并且只应在比照关于促进低成本信贷供应的社会和经济政策所依据的担保交易法对于这些除外情形的潜在益处加以仔细权衡后才予以通过。
Any additional exclusions based on competing policy objectives should be limited in number and in scope, should be clearly stated in the law and should be adopted only after their potential benefit has been carefully weighed against the social and economic policy underlying the secured transactions law of promoting the availability of low-cost credit.
12. 有些资产，例如船舶、航空器和[知识产权]，完全或部分由特别法律管辖。
Some assets, such as ships, aircraft [and intellectual property rights] are in whole or in part subject to special laws.
此类资产上的担保权不排除在外，但如果这种特别法与担保交易法之间有任何不一致情况的，以特别法（例如特别登记制度）为准。
Security rights in such assets are not excluded but, in the case of any inconsistency between such a special law and secured transactions law, the special law (e.g. the special registration system) prevails.
13. [特别是，指南不涉及知识产权担保权的特有问题，对这些问题不提出建议。
[In particular, the Guide does not address issues specific to security rights in intellectual property rights and it does not make recommendations concerning those issues.
但是，在制定本国担保交易法时，一国应考虑到知识产权资产对力图获得低成本担保信贷的公司所具有的日趋增加的重要性和经济价值。
However, in developing its secured transactions law, a State should take account of the increasing importance and economic value of intellectual property assets to companies seeking to obtain low-cost secured credit.
除下一段所讨论的限制情况外，担保交易法将适用于知识产权上设置的担保权。
Subject to the limitations discussed in the following paragraph, the secured transactions law would apply to security interests in intellectual property rights.
14. 在通过担保交易制度时，一国应考虑到知识产权的具体特征以及适用于知识产权的国内法律，还有本国根据国际知识产权条约、公约和其他国际协定而承担的义务。
When adopting a secured transaction regime, a State should take into account the particular characteristics of, and national laws applicable to, intellectual property, as well as the State's obligations under international intellectual property treaties, conventions and other international agreements.
因此，在实施本指南的建议时，一国应仔细考虑知识产权现有法律制度和特征所处的具体国情，当设押资产包括知识产权时，这些国情的独特性是否足以理当对这些建议加以调整。
Accordingly, when implementing the recommendations of the Guide, a State should give careful consideration to situations in which the existing legal regime and characteristics of intellectual property are sufficiently unique as to justify the adjustment of those recommendations when the encumbered assets include intellectual property rights.
如果经审查后，发现本国的知识产权法与知识产权条约、公约和其他国际协定所规定的义务直接有不一致之处，特别是如果其中规定了关于知识产权上的担保权设定、对抗第三方的效力、优先权或执行方面的规则的，那么国家的担保交易法应规定，凡任何不一致之处，有关问题将由知识产权法和义务规范。]
If upon examination there is found to be a direct inconsistency between the State's intellectual property laws or obligations under intellectual property treaties, conventions and other international agreements, in particular insofar as they establish a rule for the creation, effectiveness against third parties, priority or enforcement of security rights in intellectual property, then the State's secured transactions law should provide that the intellectual property laws and obligations will govern such issues to the extent of any inconsistency. ]
[工作组注意：工作组似宜注意，所提到的流通票据、流通单据、知识产权和独立担保项下提款收益等内容，在工作组决定其是否应列入指南之前，放在方括号内。
[Note to the Working Group: The Working Group may wish to note that references to negotiable instruments, negotiable documents, intellectual property rights and proceeds from drawings under independent undertakings appear within square brackets pending a decision of the Working Group as to whether they should be included in the Guide.
在完成指南的所有实质性建议之后，工作组似宜按实质性建议相应调整关于范围的建议。]
After all of the substantive recommendations of the Guide have been completed, the Working Group may wish to align the recommendations on scope with the substantive recommendations. ]
15. 指南强调有必要使设保人不仅能够对其现有资产，而且还能够对其未来资产（即在担保协议订立之后获得或生成的资产）设定担保权，而同时不要求设保人或有担保债权人在取得此类资产或其生成时执行任何补充文书或采取任何补充行动。
The Guide stresses the need to enable a grantor to create security rights not only in its existing assets but also in its future assets (i.e. assets acquired or created after the conclusion of the security agreement), without requiring the grantor or secured creditor to execute any additional documents or to take any additional action at the time such assets are acquired or created.
这种方法例如与《联合国转让公约》相一致，其中规定可对未来应收款设定担保权而无需采取任何补充步骤。
This approach is consistent, for example, with the United Nations Assignment Convention, which provides for the creation of security rights in future receivables without requiring any additional steps to be taken.
此外，指南建议通过单一担保协议，例如在某些法律制度中已存在的“企业抵押”或固定抵押与浮动抵押相结合的做法，确认企业设保人以所有现有和未来资产设定的担保权。
In addition, the Guide recommends recognition of a security right in all existing and future assets of a business grantor through a single security agreement such as already exists in some legal systems as an “enterprise mortgage” or as a combination of fixed and floating charges.
16. 指南还建议可用各种金钱和非金钱债务进行担保，在不违反保护消费者法律的情况下，包括消费者在内的自然人和法人都可成为担保交易的当事人。
The Guide also recommends that a broad range of obligations, monetary and non-monetary may be secured, and that both physical and legal persons may be parties to a secured transaction, including consumers, subject to consumer-protection laws.
此外，指南的目的是涵盖多种具有担保功能的交易，包括那些同占有式担保权和非占有式担保权有关的交易，以及那些在名称上不称作担保交易的交易（保留所有权、为担保目的转移所有权、为担保目的转让应收款、融资租赁、售后回租交易及类似的交易）。
In addition, the Guide is intended to cover a broad range of transactions that serve security functions, including those related to possessory and non-possessory security rights, as well as transactions not denominated as secured transactions (such as retention of title, transfer of title for security purposes, assignment of receivables for security purposes, financial leases, and sale and leaseback transactions and the like).
17. 本指南所设想的法律制度是纯粹的国内制度。
The legal regime envisaged in the Guide is a purely domestic regime.
指南的建议所针对的是考虑对国内担保交易法律进行改革的国家立法人。
The recommendations of the Guide are addressed to national legislators considering reform of domestic secured transactions laws.
然而，由于担保交易经常涉及位于不同法域的当事人和资产，因此指南也试图述及对在其他法域有效设定的担保权和基于所有权的担保做法（例如保留所有权和融资租赁）的承认。
However, because secured transactions often involve parties and assets located in different jurisdictions, the Guide also seeks to address the recognition of security rights and title-based security devices, such as retention of title and financial leases, effectively created in other jurisdictions.
同许多国家的现行法律相比，对这些权利的持有人来说这显然是一个进步，因为根据那些现行法律，设押资产一旦运出本国边界，这些担保权通常即告消灭。
因此，承认担保权将大大有助于鼓励债权人在跨国界交易中提供信贷（见A/CN.9/WG.VI/WP.14/Add.4，第21-25段）。
This would represent a marked improvement for the holders of those rights over the laws currently in effect in many States, under which such rights often are lost once an encumbered asset is transported across national borders, and would go far toward encouraging creditors to extend credit in cross-border transactions (see A/CN.9/WG.VI/WP.14/Add.4, paras.
18. 本指南自始至终力求兼顾债务人、债权人（无论是有担保的、优先的还是无担保的）、受影响的第三人、购买人和其他受让人以及国家之间的利益。
Throughout, the Guide seeks to establish a balance among the interests of debtors, creditors (whether secured, privileged or unsecured), affected third persons, buyers and other transferees, and the State.
在这样做时，本指南采用的、以大量实证资料为依据提出的假设是，所有债权人将会接受此种平衡兼顾的做法，因此也会愿意提供低费用信贷，只要法律（以及相应的法律基础结构和政府基础结构）行之有效，使得债权人能够在评估其风险时得到较高程度的可预见性并确信他们最终会实现设押资产的经济价值。
In so doing, the Guide adopts the premise, supported by substantial empirical evidence, that all creditors will accept such a balanced approach, and will thereby be encouraged to extend credit, as long as the laws (and supporting legal and governmental infrastructure) are effective to enable the creditors to assess their risks with a high level of predictability and with confidence that they will ultimately realize the economic value of the encumbered assets.
取得这种平衡的关键是担保交易制度与破产法制度之间的密切协调，其中包括对企业进行重组或清算时如何处理担保权的法律条款。
Essential to this balance is a close coordination between the secured transactions and insolvency law regimes, including provisions pertaining to the treatment of security rights in the event of a reorganization or liquidation of a business.