现行目标――每年将可在再生能源总量由6%提高到10%直至2010年――是比较保守的，俄罗斯联邦希望超过这一数字。
The current target — to increase total RE from 6 per cent to 10 per cent each year until 2010 — is conservative, and the Russian Federation hopes to exceed that figure.
生物能源被认为是一个关键问题。
Bio-energy is considered a key issue.
目前正在考虑由联邦预算拨出充足的资金并进一步就技术标准开展工作。
Adequate funds from the federal budget and further work on technology standards are under consideration.
30. 可再生能源的竞争力取决于三个因素：(a) 拥有可再生资源，因为其在全世界的分布极不均衡；(b) 技术是否成熟，因为不同的可再生能源技术具有不同的竞争力特征；和(c) 常规替代物，主要是矿物燃料和核能，尤其是它们的成本，以及常规成本是否受到补贴。
Renewable energy competitiveness is dependent on three factors: (a) the availability of renewable resources, which are distributed remarkably unevenly around the world; (b) the technological maturity of the technology, with different renewable technologies presenting different competitiveness pictures; and (c) the conventional alternatives, primarily fossil fuel and nuclear energy, and particularly their costs, and whether or not these conventional costs are subsidized.
国际原子能机构的立场是，应当促进可再生能源技术而无需挑选胜出者，以便使各种技术能够按照它们对能源部门的经济、安全和环境表现所作的贡献逐渐发展――在通往可持续道路上需要同时改进这三种关键条件。
The International Energy Agency has taken the position that RE technologies should be promoted without picking winners, so that technologies evolve on the basis of their contribution to the economic, security and environmental performance of the energy sector — the three critical conditions that would need to be improved simultaneously on the path to sustainability.
31. 到目前为止，可再生能源部署政策依赖的是国家政策，而国家政策妨碍了前者的进一步发展。
So far, RE deployment policies have been dependent on national policies, which are holding back their further development.
作为结果，可再生能源技术，尤其是第二代(风能、太阳能和新的生物能)集中于少数国家。
As a result, RE technologies, particularly their second generation (wind, solar and new bio-energy) tend to be concentrated in a few countries.
2 例如，关于风能，5个国家――德国、西班牙、美国、丹麦和印度――占全世界生产总量的85%，而日本、美国和德国三个国家占全世界光电系统的86%。
For instance, as regards wind energy, 85 per cent of total world production is accounted for by five countries — Germany, Spain, the United States, Denmark and India — and 86 per cent of photovoltaic systems are accounted for by three countries — Japan, the United States and Germany.
这是挑战和壁垒兼有的一种现象，只能通过部署战略的国际化方可解决，尤其是上述国家陆地上已经开始达到饱和状态，有些国家已开始离岸转移。
This is symptomatic of a challenge and a barrier, which can be dealt with through the internationalization of deployment strategy, especially since the above-mentioned countries are starting to reach saturation point on land, with some countries moving offshore.
32. 开放能源部门也要求以新的方式将新技术带入市场。
The liberalization of the energy sector also calls for new ways of bringing new technologies to the market.
必须打破只有少数国家承担技术开发负担的局面。
It is imperative to break out of this trap of having just a handful of countries sharing the burden of technology deployment.
这需要避免建造费用惊人的企业，而其投资所依赖更多的是高税收、补贴、优惠性的公共采购政策，而非低生产成本、天然资源和技术优越等优势。
This would require avoiding the creation of multibillion dollar industries where investment is more dependent on high tariffs, subsidies and preferential public procurement than on advantages in lower production costs, natural resources and superior know-how.
还需要扩大共同开发国的数量，从而可分摊部署政策的成本负担。
It would also require expanding the number of countries that are working together, with a consequent sharing of the cost burden of deployment policies.
33. 关于可再生能源的竞争力，发展中国家提供了两种极为重要的资产：拥有辽阔的可再生资源地区和在众多情况下，设备和组件成本的生产低。
Developing countries offer two very substantial assets with regard to the competitiveness of RE: regions with very large renewable resources and, in many cases, lower costs for the production of equipment and components.
这两个因素加起来使得发展中国家与发达国家有相当大的潜力可开展合作。
Taken together, these two factors point to considerable scope for cooperation between developing and developed countries.
这种合作的重要性将会增加，因为较成熟的再生能源技术――水电和地热生物量燃烧――在发达国家现正在接近“即将饱和点”。
Such cooperation will be increasingly important, since the more mature RE technologies — hydropower and geothermal biomass combustion — are reaching "pre-saturation point" in developed countries.
34. 贸易和贸易政策在国际可再生能源战略中将发挥越来越重要的作用。
Trade and trade policy will play an increasingly important role in an international strategy for RE.
目前6位数的《协调税则》子条目中已包括市场上所能见到的所有可再生能源技术的主要类型。
Six-digit Harmonized System sub-headings now seem to be available for all major types of renewable energy technology in the market place.
对于尚未出现重要商业市场的技术的情况――例如，地热发电系统和组件、大规模太阳能热电工厂和潮汐发电或(海洋热能转换)――因世界海关组织所规定的阈值限制，而妨碍了创建单一子目的前景。
In the case of technologies for which a significant commercial market has not yet emerged — for example, geothermal power systems and components, large-scale solar-thermal power plants and wave-power or OTEC (ocean-thermal energy conversion) — the prospects of creating unique sub-headings are constrained by the threshold required by the World Customs Organization.
35. 印度在采取一种可再生能源国际战略方面的经验值得其他发展中国家借鉴。
India's experience in adopting an international strategy for RE could be instructive for other developing countries.
印度具备生产高质量产品的合格人才，可将生产成本降低10%――15%而且劳动力成本和生产分摊费用相对较低。
It offers qualified manpower to produce quality goods, reduction of production costs by 10-15 per cent, and relatively low labour costs and production overheads.
有两家专门开发风能的公司，两家开发太阳能的公司和一家开发太阳能热电公司使印度成为出口枢纽。
Two companies specializing in wind energy, two in solar photovoltaic energy and one in solar thermal energy have made India an export hub.
但也存在问题：技术转让费用昂贵，所涉资本周转率较高和运费高，印度的试验标准不被承认，海外市场开发成本高和本国缺乏有品牌的股本。
There are problems, however: the high cost involved in technology transfer, the higher rate of working capital involved and higher freight charges, non-recognition of Indian testing standards, the high cost of overseas market development and the lack of national brand equity.
36. 地中海地区的摩洛哥和其他国家选择在区域一级地中海可再生能源融资方案框架内对可再生能源采取一致行动。
Morocco and other countries in the Mediterranean have chosen RE for concerted action at the regional level within the framework of the Renewable Energy Financing in the Mediterranean Region Project (MEDREP).