• 采取措施，确保妇女，特别是土著妇女和农村妇女享有从森林行动中受益的平等机会；
• Steps to ensure equal opportunities for women, in particular indigenous women and women in rural areas, to benefit from forestry operations;
• 制定可消除森林砍伐和森林退化根本原因的国家政策。
• National policies to address the underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation.2
7. 因此，行动建议代表了一项重大呼吁，即进一步承认土著人民和土著人民参与制定对他们的生活有直接影响的森林战略和政策。
Thus the proposals for action represent an important call for increased recognition of indigenous peoples and involvement of indigenous peoples in the formulation of the forest strategies and policies which impact directly on their lives.
然而，土著人民非常关心的是这些行动建议重要方面的执行工作落后于其他论坛的实践工作。
However, it is of great concern to indigenous peoples that the implementation of these important aspects of the proposals for action has lagged behind practice in other forums.
土著人民参与联合国森林论坛工作的侧重点仍然停留在国家一级，并且普遍认为土著人民仅是许多利益相关群体之一，而不是所讨论的森林生物多样性的权利享有者和所有者。
The focus on involvement of indigenous peoples in the United Nations Forum on Forests itself has remained at the national level and has been dominated by a view of indigenous peoples as one of many stakeholder groups, rather than as rights holders and owners of the forest biodiversity being discussed.
8. 通过一系列案例研究，审查和评价本报告提出的土著人民行动建议在国家和区域两级的执行工作，再由专家会议的分析和讨论进行补充。
The review and evaluation of the implementation of proposals for action relevant to indigenous peoples on a national and regional level that is presented here was conducted through a range of case studies, and supplemented by analysis and discussion during the Expert Meeting.
案例研究包括3份（美洲、欧亚/太平洋和非洲的）区域报告和12份不同国家的案例研究报告，即刚果民主共和国、印度、肯尼亚、尼泊尔、巴拿马、巴布亚新几内亚、秘鲁、菲律宾、卢旺达、俄罗斯联邦、泰国和委内瑞拉。
The case studies consist of three regional reports (Americas, Eurasia/Pacific and Africa) and 12 different country case studies, namely, for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Kenya, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Rwanda, the Russian Federation, Thailand and Venezuela.
The main aims of the case studies were:
(a) 检查国家和地方两级履行国际承诺的进展情况。
(a) To examine progress in implementation of international commitments at the national and local levels.
(b) 提出不同情况下政府、土著人民、当地社区和国际森林机构所面临挑战的明确实例；
(b) To establish clear examples of the challenges faced by Governments, indigenous peoples, local communities and international forest-related agencies in different contexts;
(c) 查明具体的成功实例和最佳做法。
(c) To identify specific successes and best practice cases.
9. 采取这种方式是要确保联合国森林论坛不被视为单独作业，而是与具有类似目标的其他现有国际机制和进程结成伙伴关系并确保一个论坛的最佳做法能在其他论坛复制。
This approach was taken to ensure that the work of the United Nations Forum on Forests is not considered in isolation, but rather, in partnership with other existing international mechanisms and processes with similar objectives, and to ensure that best practice in one forum could be replicated in others.
10. 由于土著人社区、领地和资源分布在世界各地，评价现有土著人民行动提案的执行效率是一个复杂问题。
Assessment of the efficacy of the implementation of existing proposals for action relevant to indigenous peoples is complex, owing to the global spread of indigenous peoples' communities, territories and resources.
案例研究反映了这种多样性，我们鼓励国家政府获得案例研究文件的全文。
The case studies reflect this diversity and we would encourage Governments to access the full case study documents.3 Here we will be presenting only the general overview as revealed in the case studies and regional overviews, combined with opinions and experience shared by participants in the Expert Meeting.
3 在本报告中我们仅提出这些案例研究和区域概览的一般情况，再加上专家会议参加者共有的意见和经验。
There are four key areas of government commitments, as follows:
• 报告和建立森林计划/战略森林计划和生物战略和计划；
• Reporting and establishment of national forest plans/national forest action programmes and national biodiversity strategy and action plans
• 承认土地和资源权利以及传统森林知识；
• Land and resource rights and recognition of traditional forest-related knowledge
• 记录传统森林知识、共享利益和获得自由、事先和知情的同意；
• Documentation of traditional forest-related knowledge, benefit sharing and free prior and informed consent
• 土著人参加政策制定和执行工作。
• Indigenous participation in policy formulation and implementation.
报告和建立国家森林计划/国家森林行动方案和国家生物多样性战略和行动计划
Reporting and establishment of national forest plans/national forest action programmes and national biodiversity strategy and action plans
11. 向联合国森林论坛的报告工作一般较差，而向《生物多样性公约》的报告工作稍微强一些。
Reporting to the United Nations Forum on Forests was generally weak, with slightly stronger reporting into the Convention on Biological Diversity.
特别要指出的是，大多数国家编写这些报告时都没有民间社会的参与并且报告的质量各国差别很大。
It was particularly notable that in the majority of countries there was a lack of civil society participation in the writing of such reports, and the quality of reporting varied widely between countries.4 In reports that were submitted, there was some treatment of traditional forest-related knowledge.
4 在提交的报告中，有些涉及传统森林知识。
It was particularly notable that in the majority of countries there was a lack of civil society participation in the writing of such reports, and the quality of reporting varied widely between countries.4 In reports that were submitted, there was some treatment of traditional forest-related knowledge.
不过，一般而言，一些国家报告的质量和次数方面表明，亟待改进监测森林小组/森林论坛传统森林知识提案执行工作的机制。
However, in general, the quality and infrequency of reporting from some countries underlines the need to improve mechanisms to monitor implementation of the IPF/IFF proposals on traditional forest-related knowledge.
12. 关于建立所需要的广泛政策框架，案例研究涉及的大多数国家都编写了国家生物多样性战略和行动计划和国家森林行动方案/国家森林计划，它们分别为执行《生物多样性公约》和森林小组/森林论坛的行动建议提供了重要框架。
With regard to the establishment of the required broad policy frameworks, the majority of countries covered in the case studies have produced national biodiversity strategy and action plans and national forest action programmes/ national forest plans, which provide major frameworks for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the IPF/IFF proposals for action, respectively.