27. 特别报告员极为关注的问题是，各国政府受到国际投资前景的诱惑，继续在城市中实行大规模驱逐，以此作为建立“世界级城市”的一种手段。
The Special Rapporteur notes with grave concern that Governments continue the practice of mass evictions in cities as a means of creating “world-class cities”, lured by the prospect of international investment.
经济全球化在城市之间造成了竞争，这不利于穷人。
Economic globalization has created competition amongst cities that is to the detriment of the poor.
印度孟买即是一个很新的例子。
The example of Mumbai, India, is very recent.
2004年12月至2005年1月期间，80,000所住宅被拆毁，致使300,000人无家可归。
Between December 2004 and January 2005, 80,000 homes were demolished rendering 300,000 people homeless.
在这些被驱逐的人中绝大多数事先都没有获得通知。
For the vast majority of those evicted there was no advance notice, the evictions were violently carried out, and the belongings, including identity cards, of many were damaged or burnt.
驱逐行为粗暴，许多人的财物，包括身份证被损坏或烧毁。
For the vast majority of those evicted there was no advance notice, the evictions were violently carried out, and the belongings, including identity cards, of many were damaged or burnt.
而且没有向被驱逐者提供其他住处，这明显加剧了孟买的无家可归状况。
Those evicted have not been offered alternative accommodation, clearly exacerbating the situation of homelessness in Mumbai.
印度首席部长解释说这种粗暴的拆毁做法是创建未来“世界级城市”的唯一途径11 。
The Chief Minister explained these brutal demolitions as the only way to create a “world-class” city in the future.
28. 结构问题也有地方层面。
Structural issues also have local dimensions.
无计划地向城市迁移使城市贫民窟和其他非正规居住区数量激增。
Unplanned urban migration has resulted in proliferation of urban slums and other informal settlements.
这类住区的出现部分原因是正规地区的住房供应严重短缺。
Such settlements arise in part due to the colossal gap in the supply of formal-sector housing.
造成短缺的主要原因则是土地价格飞涨，而这往往是由人为的投机买卖和正规部门的投资所抬高的。
The primary reason for this gap is the soaring cost of land, which is often pumped up artificially by speculation and formal-sector investment.
人口流入城市被正式列为造成其他中心高度拥挤的主要原因。
Urban drift is officially cited as the main reason for the high degree of overcrowding in other centres.
例如，在尼日利亚，据估计，每小时有三人进入拉格斯并打算在那里定居。
In Nigeria, for example, it is estimated that every hour three people move into Lagos with the intention of settling.
目前，该城60%的人口急需住处。
At present, 60 per cent of the city's population is in dire need of accommodation.
住房极度短缺这种情况导致贫民窟社区激增，在那里居住的人没有基本的基础设施而且环境极不卫生。
This enormous housing shortage has led to the proliferation of slum communities in which people live without basic infrastructure and in highly unsanitary conditions.
据说拉格斯州政府为解决日益恶化的住房标准采纳了一项驱逐政策，并声明为整顿住房和实施发展项目，它别无选择只能采取强硬措施，拆毁这些贫民窟；它认为这些贫民窟中住的是非法占住者，他们拒绝心平气和地迁离12 。
The Lagos State Government reportedly adopted a policy of eviction in response to deteriorating housing standards and has stated that in order to clean up housing and implement development projects, it had no option but to take firm measures to demolish these slums, which, in its view, housed illegal occupants who refused to leave peacefully.
29. 大规模的发展项目和基础设施项目，包括修建水坝和公路，以及采矿活动往往导致人们和社区大规模流离失所，由此使生计以及适足住房和土地方面的人权遭到侵犯。
Large-scale developmental and infrastructure projects, including the construction of dams and roads, and mining activities often result in the massive displacement of people and communities, thereby violating human rights to livelihood and adequate housing and land.
由于全面和长期复原通常是不存在或不充分的，数以千计的人因这些项目而处在可怕的居住和卫生状况之中。
Since comprehensive and long-term rehabilitation is generally non-existent or inadequate, thousands of people are subjected to dire housing and health conditions by such projects.
1950年代以来，中国为兴建水利和水电项目，至少使1千万人搬迁。
Since the 1950s, the construction of hydraulic and hydroelectric projects in China has resulted in the relocation of at least 10 million people
B. 法律和政策
Legislation and policy
30. 公共政策规定和法律对于促进适足住房权十分重要，但是适用法律的某些方式也可导致侵犯适足住房权。
While public policy provisions and legislation are important to promote the right to adequate housing, laws can also be applied in ways that result in the right to adequate housing being violated.
特别报告员已收到一些报告，涉及有选择性地适用公共卫生法情况，以及为采取驱逐行动制定法规，这可能使弱势人群遭受严重伤害，包括无家可归，并可能进一步侵犯他们的权利。
The Special Rapporteur has received reports of selective application of public health legislation and building codes for the purposes of carrying out evictions that can potentially expose vulnerable populations to significant harm, including homelessness, and further violations of their rights.
尽管这些驱逐行为表面上有法律依据，但可能由于不提供援助以确保获得适足住房而违反国际人权准则13 。
While these evictions are ostensibly based on law, they can run counter to international human rights norms in the absence of assistance that ensures access to adequate housing.