宪法委员会成员的任期为9年，不得连任。
The Constitutional Council has six members.
他们享有不可罢免的地位以及议员的豁免权。
They have tenured status and enjoy the same immunities as members of Parliament.
宪法委员会的主要任务是检查议会通过的法律和法规以及国际条约是否符合《宪法》。
The Constitutional Council is responsible for ascertaining that laws, international treaties and the rules of procedure of the National Assembly and Senate are in conformity with the Constitution.
据此，它可宣布某些法律条款与《宪法》不符。
It also has the power to declare laws unconstitutional if they are not in accordance with the Constitution.
71. 根据《宪法》第87条规定，“ 宪法委员会的决定具有绝对的权威性（……）。
In the words of article 87 of the Constitution, “the decisions of the Constitutional Council [take precedence in all] matters brought before it [They] are not subject to appeal.
对宪法委员会的决定不得上诉，公共权力机构以及所有行政和司法主管部门都必须服从 ”。
They must be complied with by the public authorities and by all administrative and [jurisdictional] authorities”.
在这里必须指出宪法委员会在捍卫权利和自由方面所发挥的特殊作用：这一最高裁决部门已宣布一些法律文件有违宪的地方，例如：国民议会议事规则、参议院议事规则、有关法官地位的组织法和有关选举代表毛里塔尼亚海外侨民议员的组织法。
Here one should note the special role played by the Constitutional Council in protecting rights and freedoms: it has already declared a number of legal texts unconstitutional, such as the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly, the Rules of Procedure of the Senate, the Organization of the Judiciary (Regulations) Act, and the Organizational Act on the election of senators representing Mauritanians residing abroad.
2. 法院和法庭
Courts and tribunals
72. 毛里塔尼亚伊斯兰共和国的司法组织机构是根据1999年7月24日第99-039号法律按如下顺序确定的：
The organization of Mauritania's judiciary is regulated by Act No. 99/039 of 24 July 1999, as follows:
2.1：一级审判机构
2.1 Courts of the first instance
a- 省级法庭
(a) Moughataa courts
73. 根据第99-039号法律第11条的规定，“ 在每一省会城市设立一省级法庭 ”。
According to article 11 of Act No. 99/039, “a court known as the moughataa court shall be established in the local capital of each moughataa”.
该法庭负责处理不属于大区法庭管辖范围的民事案件和商业案件。
It has the authority to hear civil and commercial cases that do not fall within the purview of the wilaya (regional) court.
b- 大区法庭
(b) Wilaya courts
74. 它的组成情况如下：
The wilaya courts are composed of:
一个行政庭； 一个民事庭； 一个商业庭； 一个或数个刑事庭，其中必须有一个少年刑事庭。
- One or more criminal divisions, which must include a specific bench for cases involving minors.
c- 劳动法庭
(c) Labour courts
75. 每一大区首府均设有劳动法庭，该法庭有一名庭长和数名根据劳动法有关规定任命的陪审员。
Labour courts are established in all the local capitals of the wilayas and have a presiding judge assisted by judges appointed in accordance with the Labour Code.
d- 刑事法院
(d) Criminal courts
76. 刑事法院设在各大区首府，负责初审和终审法律授权它处理的案件：
There are criminal courts in all wilaya headquarters towns.
刑事法院审判长由大区法庭庭长担任，或根据案件需要由指定的法官担任。
2.2 Courts of second instance
检察官代表政府部门出庭，书记室有一名首席书记员，由一名或数名书记员协助他工作。
There are courts of appeal in all wilaya headquarters towns, composed of the following divisions:
2.2：二级审判机构
- An administrative division;
a- 上诉法院
- A civil and social division;