联合国文件/第480部分 (共1000部分)

In the second reporting period (2000-2002), 60 per cent of States responding reported that they had adopted cooperative initiatives to control ATS and their precursors, a figure that declined to 54 per cent in 2002-2004.

However, when considering the subset of 72 States that responded in both the second and third reporting periods, the proportion of States (61 per cent, or 44 States) indicating that they had adopted cooperative activities to strengthen the control of ATS and their precursors remained constant.

In the third reporting period, States reported that, at the national level, law enforcement agencies (53 per cent of the group of 72 States responding in both 2000-2002 and 2002-2004), the health-care sector (46 per cent), and regulatory authorities (32 per cent) were most frequently involved in those cooperative initiatives.

States reported that cooperative activities had also involved regional and international organizations (38 and 42 per cent, respectively), private industry (29 per cent), forensic drug-testing laboratories (36 per cent) and the judiciary (35 per cent).

Germany reported that the mass media had also been involved in cooperative activities to strengthen the control system for ATS and their precursors, while Uganda noted that non-governmental organizations had also participated in such activities.

Conclusions

From the responses provided in the second reporting period (2000-2002), it was clear that States took in earnest paragraph 13 of the Political Declaration adopted at the twentieth special session of the General Assembly (resolution S-20/2, annex), where Member States decided to devote particular attention to the emerging trends in the illicit manufacture, trafficking and consumption of synthetic drugs, and called for the establishment or strengthening by the year 2003 of national legislation and programmes giving effect to the Action Plan.

However, when comparing the data provided in the third reporting period with data of the second, it would appear that renewed and further efforts are still required if States are to meet the objective for 2008 that the international community had set itself at the twentieth special session of the General Assembly.

It is against the later benchmark that the efforts of States, as reported in the biennial reports questionnaire for the third reporting period, would need to be significantly improved.

While ratification of the United Nations drug control treaties, in particular the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the 1988 Convention, which provide the framework of the control of ATS and precursor chemicals, is almost universal, when comparing the responses by States in the third reporting period with those in the second, it would appear that States are falling short in their implementation of the recommendations contained in the Action Plan.

The responses in the third period indicate that States need to renew their efforts to fulfil their treaty obligations and implement the resolutions and decisions of the Economic and Social Council and the Commission, as well as the recommendations of INCB.

Similarly, measures by States to raise awareness of the ATS problem, reduce their illicit demand and prevent experimentation among youth, as reported in 2004, have declined.

States need to re-examine their efforts in this regard, in order to reach the targets set for 2008.

While there were positive trends in the provision of specialist training to law enforcement and regulatory personnel in the technical complexities of ATS and the development of investigation measures for use by law enforcement agencies in differentiating groups of substances, the responses in the third period indicate that measures to improve the operational capabilities of forensic laboratories may require further attention.

At the regional level, when comparing the group of States that responded in both the second and third reporting periods, there were some improvements within specific regions, for example, in relation to the introduction of measures to enhance cooperation with the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as to prevent the diversion and irresponsible marketing of ATS.

However, the overall responses in each period reveal a need for closer attention to be given by States to those areas.

The outcome of the twentieth special session of the General Assembly constitutes, above all, a commitment to heightened international cooperation.

The responses in the third reporting period, compared with the previous one, should give rise to concern.

The proportion of States that reported taking measures to enhance regional and international cooperation declined when considering the total number of respondents in each period and only marginally increased when analysing the data for those States reporting in both periods.

Looking at the cooperation issue from the perspective of States reporting that they had provided assistance to other States in dealing with the problem of ATS, the proportion of States that reported having done so declined, irrespective of whether the total number of respondents or the group that responded in both periods is compared.

Given that international cooperation remains the cornerstone for implementing the Action Plan against Illicit Manufacture, Trafficking and Abuse of Amphetamine-type Stimulants and Their Precursors and for achieving the targets set for 2008 in the Political Declaration, efforts in the area of improving bilateral, regional and international cooperation continue to require the sustained attention of Member States.

** The preparation of the present document was affected by the late submission of replies to the biennial reports questionnaire for the third reporting period (2002-2004).

World Drug Report 2004 (United Nations publication, Sales No.

Ecstasy and Amphetamines: Global Survey 2003 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.XI.15).