目前，这种飞行器主要用于监视和侦查，用作靶机，以及用于电子战；有些运载工具运载常规武器，具有攻击能力。
Currently unmanned aerial vehicles are principally used for surveillance and reconnaissance, as target drones and, also, for electronic warfare; some vehicles can carry conventional weapons to give them a strike capability.
22. 与弹道导弹和巡航导弹相比，查明在无人驾驶航空飞行器生产方面有哪些有用的临界点比较困难，这主要是因为这种飞行器的制造更多地涉及一般类型的设备，通常许多构件都易于获得。
It is more difficult to find useful critical points in the production of unmanned aerial vehicles, compared to ballistic missiles and cruise missiles, basically because their production involves more generic types of equipment and many of the parts are commonly available.
不过，无论通过哪种方式获得，所有无人驾驶航空飞行器都有一个共同的临界点，那就是它们的导航和控制系统。
Nevertheless, a critical feature which is common to all unmanned aerial vehicles, however acquired, is their guidance and control system, which gives them the ability to fly autonomously to a designated location.
这一系统能使无人驾驶航空飞行器自动飞行到指定地点。
Nevertheless, a critical feature which is common to all unmanned aerial vehicles, however acquired, is their guidance and control system, which gives them the ability to fly autonomously to a designated location.
2005年监核视委召集的外聘技术专家小组建议，为核查装配中和部署中的无人驾驶航空飞行器，导航和控制系统应成为着重注意的对象，即从这些系统查明临界点。
The panel of external technical experts convened by UNMOVIC in 2005 recommended that this system should be the focus, where critical points can be identified, for the verification of unmanned aerial vehicles both in assembly and under deployment.
但由于技术发展迅速，当今，导航和控制系统的主要构件甚至预置的自动驾驶仪都可以在市场上买到。
However, as a consequence of the rapid evolution of technologies, today essential components for guidance and control and even pre-assembled autopilots are available commercially.
这些构件的操作性能可能较低，但如果与先进系统配合，则仍可适用于无人驾驶航空飞行器。
Although such parts may provide only low performance, they are still suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles if associated with an update system.
弹道导弹则不然，它们对操作性能的要求比较高，因为它们没有配备先进系统，而且对运作环境的要求也较高。
This is not so for ballistic missiles which require higher performances because they are not equipped with an update system and are exposed to a more demanding operational environment.
此外，在评估无人驾驶航空飞行器的航程时，还应考虑其他特点，如最大起飞荷载、易于改装和推进系统等特点。
In addition, other features such as the maximum take-off weight capacity, the ease with which it can be reconfigured and the propulsion system should be considered in assessing the range of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
新技术
New technologies
23. 在选择临界点纳入核查系统时应考虑的一个重要因素是传感器的潜在用途。
An important factor for consideration in the selection or choice of critical points for incorporation in the verification system is the potential use of sensors.
需要解答的一个基本问题是某个临界点是否适于使用传感器，是否有一个适当的传感器提供所需信息。
An underlying question to be answered is whether a certain critical point is suitable for the use of a sensor and whether there is an appropriate sensor available that will provide the information required.
必须评估安装传感器的困难，评估已安装的传感器是否会对所要观察的操作造成不可接受的干扰。
The difficulty in installing the sensor needs to be assessed, as does whether any sensor installed would cause unacceptable interference to the operation being observed.
传感器的可靠性及其易受破坏性也是考虑因素。
The reliability of the sensor and the ease with which it might be compromised are also factors.
但使用传感器不仅可减少在现场进行检查的视察员人数，而且还可以提供更完整的检查覆盖面。
However, the use of sensors cannot only reduce the presence of inspectors on site but can also provide more complete coverage.
监核视委正在探索有潜在用途的传感器的一些新发展。
Some new developments in potentially useful sensors are being explored by UNMOVIC.
24. 正在调研的技术包括机械震动传感器、声频传感器、低频声音传感器、可编程监控摄像器、灵巧标签、无线电技术和数码存贮器。
Technologies being investigated include mechanical vibration sensors, sound sensors, infrasound sensors, programmable surveillance cameras, smart tags, wireless technology and digital memory devices.
使用这些新技术的传感器可用于监测制造过程、导弹推进系统的静态测试和导弹飞行测试。
Sensors using these new technologies could have application in monitoring manufacturing processes, static testing of missile propulsion systems and flight tests of missiles.
例如，机械震动传感器和声频传感器原则上可用于在临界点“辨别”所申报的设备的运转，因此可以用来核查设备的使用。
For example, both mechanical vibration sensors and sound sensors can, in principle, be used to “fingerprint” declared operations on pieces of equipment at critical points and could thus be used to verify the equipment's use.
低频声音传感器已被用于侦查核试验，并有可能用于遥感侦查飞行测试，甚至用于遥感侦查弹道导弹的静态测试。
Infrasound sensors, already used in the detection of nuclear tests, offer the potential for use in remotely detecting flight testing and even static testing of ballistic missiles.
这些功能是现场异常检测、图像形状识别和自激发。
Modern surveillance camera systems provide many features such as scene anomaly detection, shape recognition, automatic triggering based on a range of user-defined criteria and scene authentication to ensure that images have not been modified or compromised, all of which can be usefully applied in verification activities.
这些功能是以一系列用户界定的标准和现场鉴别方法为基础的，所有功能都可以有效适用于核查活动。
Modern surveillance camera systems provide many features such as scene anomaly detection, shape recognition, automatic triggering based on a range of user-defined criteria and scene authentication to ensure that images have not been modified or compromised, all of which can be usefully applied in verification activities.
灵巧标签（无线电频率识别标签）提供一种省时和非侵入性的方式，可维持对特定机械、专用构件和导弹等重要物件的库存监督。
Smart tags (radio frequency identification tags) permit a time-saving and non-intrusive way of maintaining inventory oversight of important items such as selected machinery, specialized components and missiles.
通过新式无线电技术可以远程采集和传播来自传感器的数据，从而扩大数据采集的覆盖范围，并加快信息存取，同时减少在现场核查的视察员人数。
Modern wireless technology allows for remote collection and transmission of data derived from sensors, thus improving coverage of data collection and giving faster access to information, while permitting a reduction in the presence of inspectors in facilities.