因此，卫星图像不仅可用作精确监测环境和地球物理参数变化的强大的工具，而且也可以用于增进对环境相关疾病的了解和知识获取。
Thus, satellite imagery can be used as a powerful tool not only to accurately monitor the evolution of environmental and geophysical parameters but also to gain knowledge and understanding of environment-related diseases.
在远程流行病学中使用基于卫星的遥感可以带来诸多优势，其中包括全球覆盖、以多种分辨率进行观察的能力、观察的频繁重复和图像的数字格式。
The advantages of using satellite-based remote-sensing in tele-epidemiology include the global coverage of the Earth, its ability to make observations at various resolutions, the frequent repetition of observations and the digital format of the images.
基于卫星的遥感和地理信息系统可以为保健服务提供解决当前问题的新角度，并为理解这些问题提供了新的工具。
Satellite-based remote-sensing and geographical information systems can give health services a new perspective on the problems faced and new tools to understand them.
环境状况的连续监测使疾病的早期预警成为可能。
The continuous monitoring of environmental conditions allows for early warning of diseases.
目前，遥感技术在保健服务中的使用使专家们能够在这一具有深远社会影响的应用领域中做出贡献。
At present, the use of remote-sensing technology for health services allows experts to contribute to a new field of applications that have a high social impact.
应卫生部的请求，阿根廷的空间活动国家委员会准备为监测和控制疟疾、登革热、南美锥虫病、利什曼病、汉坦病毒肺综合征和毒性出血热等传染性疾病编制一些风险地图。
CONAE of Argentina, upon the request of the Ministry of Health, prepares elaborate risk maps for the monitoring and control of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and viral haemorrhagic fever.
到目前为止，已开发的远程流行病学项目包括一份使用基于卫星的合成孔径雷达数据绘制的疟疾风险地图、基于卫星辐射计进行的铅污染测量、一项关于登革热扩散演进过程的研究，以及一项有关南美锥虫病的研究。
Tele-epidemiology projects developed so far include a map of malaria risk prepared using data from satellite-based synthetic aperture radar, satellite-based radiometer measurements of lead contamination, a study of the evolution of the spread of dengue fever and a study of Chagas' disease.
巴西的经验
Experience of Brazil
2006年，巴西卫生部建立了远程保健常设委员会，其目的是促进和跟踪巴西镜内的远程保健倡议和项目。
In 2006, the Ministry of Health of Brazil established the Permanent Commission on Tele-health, whose main objective is to promote and follow up on tele-health initiatives and projects in Brazil.
该委员会包括来自多个实体的参加者，包括泛美卫生组织、联邦医药委员会和各大学的人员。
The Commission comprises participants from various entities, including PAHO, the Federal Council of Medicine and various universities.
巴西的经验表明，远程保健项目正在为巴西的多个小城市和偏远城市提供更好的医疗保健。
The Brazilian experience has shown that tele-health projects are providing better health care for several small and remote Brazilian cities.
此外，通过消除不必要的患者转诊，远程咨询、辅助意见和遥测在改善保健质量和降低成本方面显示出明显的成效。
In addition, teleconsultations, second opinions and telemetrics have been shown to be effective in improving the quality of care and in lowering costs by eliminating unnecessary patient referrals.
目前使用的设备价格低廉。
The equipment used to date is inexpensive.
目前选定的基础设施是因特网，并与其他开源应用组合使用。
The Internet, in combination with open source applications, is the chosen infrastructure.
巴西国家电子保健项目的目标是改善初级保健的质量，为保健专业人员提供培训并提高成本效益。
The national e-health project in Brazil was undertaken to improve the quality of primary care, give training to health professionals and improve cost-effectiveness.
巴西政府在保健信息化方面执行的政策是要在保健第一线充分使用信息技术，尤其是提高保健和疾病预防的质量。
The policy of the Government of Brazil on health informatics was implemented to make adequate use of information technologies in the field of health care, in particular to promote quality of care and for disease prevention.
所使用的战略包括电子保健记录、国民身份识别编号和加强保健信息化中的人力资源。
The strategies used include electronic health records, national identification numbers and the strengthening of human resources in health informatics.
巴西的国民保健系统使用独特的个人保健识别编号（编号人口为1.16亿）和保健供应商识别编号（编号供应商为153 903个）。
The national health-care system of Brazil uses unique health-care identification numbers for individuals (116 million people identified) and health providers (153,903 health providers identified).
巴西的国家研究和教育网络是一个创建于1989年的专业因特网服务商，其宗旨是促进该国高级联网技术的创新使用方式，目前连接了329个巴西本国机构和外国机构。
The National Research and Education Network of Brazil, a specialized Internet service provider that was established in 1989 to promote the innovative use of advanced networking in the country, currently connects 329 Brazilian institutions and foreign institutions.
该网络也是拉丁美洲先进网络合作的一部分。
The network is part of the Latin American Cooperation of Advanced Networks (CLARA).
拉丁美洲先进网络合作与欧洲的连接由欧洲联盟提供资助。
The connection of CLARA to Europe is funded by the European Commission.
Successful tele-health projects in Brazil include the following:
（a）BH Telesaúde项目提供在线、实时的专家远程咨询，并可共享临床数据和图像。
(a) The BH Telesaúde project provides online, real-time teleconsultations with specialists and permits the sharing of clinical data and images.
（b）Minas Telecárdio项目。
(b) The Minas Telecárdio project, which supports telecardiology, implements and measures the effectiveness of the telemedicine system used to deliver cardiovascular care to 82 small towns in the state of Minas Gerais;
（c）远程医疗大学网络支持对大学医院中现有远程医疗基础设施的改造，并促进参与机构的集成工作。
(c) The Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) supports the improvement of existing telemedicine infrastructure in university hospitals and promotes the integration of participating institutions.