她在最近一份关于煽动种族和宗教仇恨与促进宽容的专题报告中强调：“宗教或信仰自由权主要保护个人及在一定程度上保护有关群体的集体权利，但它不保护宗教或信仰本身”（A/HRC/2/3，第38段)。
In the recent thematic report on incitement to racial and religious hatred and the promotion of tolerance, she emphasized that the “right to freedom of religion or belief protects primarily the individual and, to some extent, the collective rights of the community concerned but it does not protect religions or beliefs per se” (A/HRC/2/3, para.
由于宗教和信仰种类繁多，信仰者之间的确会产生观点上的差异。
In view of the huge number of religions and beliefs, genuine differences of opinion between their believers may arise.
而且，抽象地定义什么是“诽谤宗教”，以及确定一个公正、独立、非专断的实体来裁决这类案件，都是难以做到、而且是危险的。
Furthermore, it would be difficult and potentially dangerous to define in abstracto what constitutes a “defamation of religion” as well as to find an impartial, independent and non-arbitrary body for adjudicating such cases.
最后，教科文组织最近的一份报告强调，宗教、思想、良心和观点的自由“允许无神论者、不可知论者和世俗人文主义者享有表达各自看法的同等权利，因此，只考虑宗教信仰的协定将会与人权和不歧视协定的基本原则背道而驰”。
Finally, a recent report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization emphasized that freedom of religion, thought, conscience and opinion “allows the same rights to atheists, agnostics and secular humanists to express their views, so an agreement which deals only with sacred beliefs would run counter to the fundamental principles of human rights and non-discrimination agreements”.
78. 在教育方面，尤其是在公立学校，学生和教师不应该因为崇奉或不崇奉某种宗教或信仰而受到歧视。
With regard to education, especially in publicly funded schools, pupils and teachers should not be discriminated against on grounds of their adherence (or not) to a specific religion or belief.
政府当局应该对宗教教育的课程内容给予具体的关注，理想的这类课程应该是以包容一切为目标。
The authorities should pay specific attention to the contents of syllabuses on religious education, which ideally should aim to be all-embracing.
在这一点上，学校教育与宗教或信仰自由、宽容和不歧视的关系问题国际咨询会议在其最后文件中表明，“每个国家均应在适当的政府级别推动和尊重旨在加强推动和保护人权、消除偏见和与宗教或信仰自由不相容的观念、以及确保尊重和接受宗教或信仰多元化和多样化的教育政策，并推动和尊重不接受不符合个人信念的宗教教育的权利”（E/CN.4/2002/73，附件，第4段）。
In this context, the International Consultative Conference on School Education in Relation to Freedom of Religion or Belief, Tolerance and Non-Discrimination in its Final Document “[deemed] that each State, at the appropriate level of government, should promote and respect educational policies aimed at strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights, eradicating prejudices and conceptions incompatible with freedom of religion or belief, and ensuring respect for and acceptance of pluralism and diversity in the field of religion or belief as well as the right not to receive religious instruction inconsistent with his or her conviction” (E/CN.4/2002/73, appendix, para.
79. 最后，在把公共服务外包给宗教组织时，国家需要采取有效保障措施，防止承包商在人员雇用和服务提供方面的歧视行为。
Finally, when contracting out public services to faith-based organizations, the State needs to put in place effective safeguards against discriminatory practices of the contractor in the context of hiring and delivering services.
正式协商如果明显考虑有神论观点，则不应故意将非宗教组织的代表排除在外。
Representatives of non-religious groups should not be deliberately excluded from official consultations where theistic views are prominently taken into account.
在这类正式协商中，如果宗教组织代表因人数较多，压倒无神论者或非神论者的无等级、非机构性观点，国家则应该分析制度上存在宗教偏见的可能性。
The State should analyse the possibility of systemic religious bias in such official consultations due to a numerical strength of religious representations in comparison to non-hierarchical and non-institutional perspectives from atheists or non-theists.
四. 结论和建议
Conclusions and recommendations
80. 对这两个实质问题的讨论突出了难民、寻求庇护者和境内流离失所者以及无神论者或非神论者所关心的问题。
The discussion of the two substantive issues highlighted some concerns of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons, as well as of persons with atheistic or non-theistic beliefs.
首先，本任务规定发出的关于难民、寻求庇护者和境内流离失所者状况的信函显示，这些人处于易受伤害的境地，这也可能关系到他们的宗教或信仰自由。
Firstly, communications sent by the mandate regarding the situation of refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced persons show that these individuals are in a situation of vulnerability which may also have a link to their freedom of religion or belief.
这些弱势群体的处境需要特别的关注，特别报告员已在她的信函框架中建立了一个明确的次分类（参见E/CN.4/2006/5，附件，及A/HRC/6/5，第30-31段）。
The situation of this vulnerable group requires particular attention and the Special Rapporteur has drawn up a specific subcategory in her framework for communications (see E/CN.4/2006/5, annex and A/HRC/6/5, paras.
第二，特别报告员严肃对待无神论者或非神论者关心的问题。
Secondly, the Special Rapporteur takes the concerns of persons with atheistic or non-theistic beliefs seriously.
亵渎法和“诽谤宗教”概念可能制造不宽容或恐怖气氛，最终可能建立关于信仰的规范等级，因而产生适得其反的效果。
Blasphemy laws and the concept of “defamation of religions” can be counterproductive since they may create an atmosphere of intolerance or fear and ultimately might establish a normative hierarchy of beliefs.
无神论者和非神论者不应该因为崇奉或不崇奉某种宗教或信仰而受到歧视，例如在公立学校和正式协商中受到歧视或受到公共服务提供者的歧视。
Atheists and non-theists should not be discriminated against on the grounds of their adherence (or not) to a specific religion or belief, for example in publicly funded schools, at official consultations or by public service providers.
81. 宗教或信仰自由是一项多方面的人权。
Freedom of religion or belief is a multifaceted human right.
这项基本人权的各个方面受到各种国际法律文书的保障，其中既包括具有法律约束力的标准，也包括所谓软性法律规定。
The different aspects of this fundamental human right are guaranteed by various international legal instruments, both in legally binding standards and in provisions of so-called soft law.
本任务规定的21年实践显示，有效保护和推动宗教或信仰自由权利对所有国家都是一个严峻的挑战。
The 21 years of mandate practice show that the effective protection and promotion of the right to freedom of religion or belief poses serious challenges to all States.
而且，防止宗教或信仰上的不容忍和歧视需要所有参与各方采取积极而具有创造性的方法。
Furthermore, the prevention of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief requires proactive and creative approaches from all actors involved.
82. 这方面的核心问题是确定在向社会宣传宗教或信仰自由和反对不容忍或歧视的努力中，政府应该扮演的适当角色。
The central question in this regard is to determine the appropriate role of Governments in promoting freedom of religion or belief and in challenging intolerance or discrimination in society.
根据本任务规定经过访问24个国家并向130个国家政府发出1 000多封专门信函所取得的经验，各级政府的明智而平衡的决策及谨慎的立法对处理涉及宗教或信仰自由的微妙问题至关重要。
According to the mandate experience after conducting 24 country visits and sending more than 1,000 individual communications to 130 States, wise and balanced decision-making at all governmental levels and cautious legislation are crucial for addressing the delicate issues involved in freedom of religion or belief.
此外，独立和非专断的司法是保障宗教或信仰自由的前提。
Furthermore, an independent and non-arbitrary judiciary is a prerequisite for safeguarding freedom of religion or belief.