有助于提高生产力的政策包括财政干预和货币干预、有管理的贸易自由化、减少对外赤字和债务、吸引外国投资、改善汇率制度，以协助企业发展，以及开发人力资源的工作，尤其重视技能、就业能力和社会保障。
Policies that may contribute to improving productivity include fiscal and monetary intervention, managed trade liberalization, external deficit and debt reduction, attracting foreign investment and improving exchange rate regimes to support enterprise development as well as interventions aimed at human resource development, with a particular focus on skills, employability and social protection.
16. 审查了现行做法之后发现，能够改善以体面工作方针为基础的劳工市场的运作和管理的政策，同“无视就业”的经济政策相比，会带来更好的就业成果，并加快扶贫。
A review of existing practices shows that policies that improve the functioning and governance of labour markets based on the decent work approach can yield better outcomes in terms of employment and poverty reduction than “employment-blind” economic policies.
这表明，人人享有体面工作，而非仅仅创造就业机会，应置于经济决策和社会决策的中心。
This suggests that decent work for all, rather than employment creation per se, should be placed at the centre of economic and social policymaking.
A. 宏观经济政策
A.
Macroeconomic policies
17. 鉴于全球一体化和相互依存的状况，一个国家的宏观经济政策行动，会极大地影响其他国家的经济状况，包括就业机会的创造。
Given the state of global integration and interdependence, macroeconomic policy actions in one country can significantly impact economic well-being, including employment creation, in other countries.
因此需要在国际一级上解决促进发展的全球政策连贯一致问题，尤其是解决全球化中更为直接地影响到劳工市场的那些问题。
There is therefore a need to address issues of global policy coherence for development at the international level, in particular those aspects of globalization that have a more direct bearing on labour markets.
18. 在国家一级上，创造生产性就业和体面工作的目标，应纳入所有宏观经济决定、政策和方案的主流之中。
At the country level, the goal of creating productive employment and decent work should be mainstreamed into all macroeconomic decisions, policies and programmes.
更好地了解旨在创造生产性就业的宏观经济政策干预的证据事实，让所有利益有关者更多地参加对话和宏观经济决策，会有助于实现公平、可持续的增长。
A better understanding of the evidence base for macroeconomic policy interventions aimed at creating productive employment, together with greater levels of dialogue and participation of all stakeholders in macroeconomic policymaking, may facilitate achieving equitable and sustainable growth.
为了改善前景，以便更好地监测这些政策给就业增长带来的影响，还需要更加努力，系统收集关于国家和国际两级劳工市场的标准数据，包括非正规就业的数据。
In order to improve prospects for the better monitoring of the impact of these policies on job growth, further efforts are needed to systematize the collection of standardized data on labour markets, including on informal employment, at both the national and international levels.
19. 财政和货币空间能够让各国利用货币政策来理顺商业周期，在经济下滑时保护社会弱势成员。
Fiscal and monetary space allows countries to use monetary policies to smooth out business cycles and to protect vulnerable members of society during economic downturns.
不过，外部的限制因素，脆弱的经济状况，迫使许多发展中国家采取有害长期增长、因此有害创造就业的顺周期性宏观经济政策。
However, external constraints and a fragile economic position have forced many developing countries to pursue pro-cyclical macroeconomic policies detrimental to long-term growth, and thus to employment creation.
宏观经济机构，包括中央银行，应该考虑其政策选择给就业带来的影响。
Macroeconomic authorities, including central banks, should consider the employment impact of their policy choices.
各国可以采用货币政策，确保汇率不会妨碍国内生产，或是损害出口部门，因此不利地影响到就业。
Countries may pursue monetary policies to ensure that exchange rates do not create disincentives to domestic production or harm the export sector and therefore negatively affect employment.
20. 在大多数国家，私营部门是经济增长和创造就业的关键驱动力。
In most countries, the private sector is the key driver of economic growth and job creation.
应该落实有利于商业策划和开发新产业的政策。
Policies that support business incubation as well as foster the development of new industries should therefore be put in place.
这种做法有可能引发经济活力，创造就业，协助扶贫。
Such ventures have the potential to trigger economic dynamism, create jobs, as well as contribute to poverty reduction.
国家宏观经济政策应该推动发展，增强私营部门的竞争力，尤其是劳工密集型部门，包括实际和潜在的出口行业，以及就业增长潜力大的部门。
National macroeconomic policies should promote the development and improve the competitiveness of the private sector, in particular labour-intensive sectors, including actual and potential export industries, as well as those sectors with higher potential for job growth.
21. 各国不能仅仅依赖市场力量为社会上受排挤的群体、或在贫困地区创造足够的就业机会。
States cannot rely solely on market forces to create adequate jobs for socially excluded groups or in distressed areas.
以往的经验表明，最近，尽管经济增长率很高，但在许多发展中国家市场力量没有创造有利于持续增长和创造就业机会的环境，尤其是在农村地区和居住在城市的被边缘化的群体。
Experience has shown that, despite recording strong economic growth rates in the recent past, market forces have failed to create an environment for sustained growth and employment creation in many developing countries, particularly in rural areas and among marginalized groups living in urban areas.
因此，各国政府可以考虑扩大货币政策，资助社会上受排挤群体或贫困地区的就业方案。
Governments may, therefore, consider financing employment programmes for socially excluded groups or in distressed areas by expanding budgetary policy.
22. 增加中央政府和地方政府用于道路桥梁和其他公共基础设施的开支，可以在劳工市场恶化时创造就业。
Increases in public works spending on roads, bridges and other public infrastructure by central and local governments can create jobs at a time of deteriorating labour market conditions.
公共工程扩大，常常也使建筑需求增加，以及对原材料的需求的增加，从而在零售和制造业部门创造更多就业。
Expansion in public works tends to increase construction demand as well as demand for raw materials and the generation of additional jobs in the retail and manufacturing sectors.
还会提高工资，这反过来又可能刺激消费。
It raises wages, which in turn have the potential to stimulate increased consumer spending.
从长远来看，投资基础设施不仅能促进地方就业增长，也有助于增强区域和国家的贸易和产业竞争力。
In the long term, investment in infrastructure not only fosters local job growth, but also contributes to building regional and national trade and industrial competitiveness.