对个人尊严最重要的是参与维护这一尊严的工作，使得该工作者能够与其他人一道建设社区。
Central to the dignity of every human person is engagement in work that reinforces that dignity and makes it possible for the worker to engage with others in shaping the life of the community.
因此，面向就业的培训是解决这个问题的首要基础。
Therefore, job-oriented training is a first foundation of any solution to this problem.
改造性质的社会发展通常还必须包括戒酒或戒毒、拯救教育、发展谋生技能以及身心或精神健康治疗或咨询。
Corrective social development often must also include alcohol or drug treatment, remedial education, life skills development, and physical, psychological, or mental health treatments or counselling.
被监禁者对改过自新办法的需求经常被忽视。
The needs of the incarcerated for restorative approaches are too often ignored.
然而，如下面的事例所述，许多国家都有一些效果不错的改造和重返社会方案。
Nevertheless, some very good rehabilitation and re-entry programmes exist in many countries, as illustrated in the following examples.
4. 一个中美洲国家为被监禁者提供谋生技能培训并开设农业课、计算机程序设计课和为人父母的技巧课。
One Central American country provides its incarcerated persons with a life skills training programme, as well as agriculture classes, computer programming classes and parenting skills classes.
一个南美国家支助志愿者教授囚犯会计课以及如何做小生意。
A South American country supports volunteers teaching inmates accounting and how to start small businesses.
在另一个国家，被监禁者学会读写之后，至少可以接受40小时的基本管理、全面质量管理和其他商业技巧方面的授课。
In another country, after learning how to read and write, incarcerated persons are given at least 40 hours of instruction in basic management, total quality management, and other business techniques.
在一个北美国家中，一个以社区为基础的组织向以前的被监禁者提供戒酒和戒毒服务、过渡住房以及生活上的各种帮助、在烹饪技术、汽车旅馆、饭店经营和建筑维修等方面的职业就业培训以及电脑申请、工作安排、保住职位以及工作辅导等方面的服务。
In a North American country, a community-based organization provides formerly incarcerated persons with alcohol and drug treatment services, halfway houses and supportive living, vocational job training in culinary arts, motel and restaurant operations, building maintenance and computer applications, job placement, job retention and job coaching services.
对这些以及许多其他监狱中的改造方案可以并应该加以仿效。
These and many other examples of rehabilitation programmes in prisons can and should be replicated.
教育、就业培训、戒毒以及保健是经过实践检验的减少惯犯的方法，因此可以提高所有的生活质量。
Education, job training, addiction treatment, and health caring are proven methods for reducing recidivism, and thus improving everyone's quality of life.
虐待的事例
Examples of abuses
5. 另一方面，刑事司法系统中存在许多虐待和社会发展停滞的事例。
On the other hand, there are very many examples of abuse and lack of social development in criminal justice systems.
例如，在一个南美国家，那里的棘手问题包括食物匮乏、拥挤不堪、缺少医疗服务以及缺乏环境卫生和个人卫生设施。
In one South American country, for example, major problems include insufficient food, overcrowding, the lack of medical services, and a lack of sanitation and hygienic facilities.
在一个北美国家，州和联邦监狱中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染率比一般大众高6倍，监狱服刑人口的肝炎感染率比一般大众高9至10倍。
In a North American country, the HIV/AIDS rate is six times higher in State and federal prisons than it is in the general population, and the hepatitis infection rate is 9-10 times higher in the prison population than that of the general public.
在许多监狱里，随着拥挤程度的增加，监狱暴力也增加，殴打、帮派控制、强奸和骚乱越来越司空见惯。
In many prisons, as crowding has increased, so has prison violence - with physical abuse, gang domination, rapes, and riots increasingly common.
贩运麻醉品、卖淫团伙以及其他犯罪行为在很多监狱里十分猖獗。
Narcotics trafficking, prostitution rings, and other criminal enterprises are prevalent in too many prisons.
显而易见，问题十分严重，但这些大量被监禁人口进一步发展的机会也很大。
Clearly, the problems are great, but so are the opportunities for further development of these large captive populations.
充满希望的新纪元
A new era of promise
6. 过分注重以惩治为主的政策，为社会和经济发展投入太少，结果造成监禁人数过多、司法程序拖延、监狱过分拥挤、再次犯罪和施暴的惯犯率很高，费用增加到每年数千亿美元，这些钱花得不是地方。
Overemphasis on a primarily punishment-and-suppression policy, with too little spent on social and economic development, results in over-incarceration, delayed judicial processing, over-crowding, a high recidivism rate with further crime and violence, and increasing costs amounting to hundreds of billions of misspent dollars each year.
其实情况本来不应如此。
It need not be so.
人们普遍认识到，替代性的、更注重恢复性改造的办法能以更低的成本带来更好的效果。
There is widespread awareness that alternative, more restorative approaches can yield better results at lower cost.
7. 建议
Recommendations
1. 促进以社会和经济发展来根除失业率过高、住宅破旧失修、保健服务差、学校差、家庭支离破碎以及吸毒成瘾泛滥成灾的居民区中犯罪和暴力温床。
Promote social and economic development approaches to the seedbeds of crime and violence in neighbourhoods with very high unemployment, dilapidated housing, poor health services, poor schools, broken families, and a prevalence of addiction.