这些情况包括：与父母离散的儿童、监护和收养案、触犯法律儿童、遭受人身暴力、性凌辱或其他暴力犯罪之害的儿童、寻求庇护和难民儿童以及受武装冲突和紧急情况之害的儿童。
These include: children separated from their parents; custody and adoption cases; children in conflict with the law; child victims of physical violence, sexual abuse or other violent crimes; asylum-seeking and refugee children; and children who have been the victims of armed conflict and emergencies.
1023. 委员会声明必须以对儿童友好的方式向所有涉及司法和行政诉讼的儿童介绍他们的陈述权、陈述方式及诉讼的其他方面问题。
The Committee affirms that all children involved in judicial and administrative proceedings must be informed in a child-friendly manner about their right to be heard, the modalities of doing so and other aspects of the proceedings.
1024. 委员会建议缔约国为参与司法和行政诉讼的所有有关专业类别的人员举办关于《公约》第12条含义的强制性培训。
The Committee advises States parties to provide all relevant professional categories involved in judicial and administrative proceedings with mandatory training on the implications of article 12 of the Convention.
法官和其他裁决人员照例应该对诉讼的结果作出明确的说明和解释，尤其是无法接纳儿童的意见时更要加以说明和解释。
Judges and other decision makers should, as a rule, explicitly state and explain the outcome of proceedings, especially if the views of the child could not be accommodated.
1025. 委员会敦促缔约国审查一切现行的法律和条例，确保第12条充分地融入国内一切有关的法律、条例和行政指示中。
The Committee urges States parties to examine all existing laws and regulations with a view to ensuring that article 12 is adequately integrated in all relevant domestic laws, regulations and administrative instructions.
1026. 委员会请各缔约国建立专业化的法律援助支助系统，为涉及行政和司法诉讼的儿童提供合格的支持和援助。
The Committee requests that States parties establish specialized legal aid support systems in order to provide children involved in administrative and judicial proceedings with qualified support and assistance.
1027. 委员会注意到，关于收养问题，《公约》第21条(a)款规定，“有关人士……表示知情的同意”，这种同意应该联系儿童发表意见权加以考虑，儿童的意见应该根据儿童的年龄和成熟程度加以考虑。
The Committee notes that with regard to adoption, article 21, paragraph (a) of the Convention stipulates that “the persons concerned have given their informed consent” which should be considered in the context of the right of the child to express his or her views and have them considered in accordance with the age and maturity of the child.
1028. 委员会回顾指出，在作出使儿童与其父母分离的裁决时，根据《公约》第9条第2款的规定，“均应给予所有有关方面以参加诉讼并阐明自己意见之机会”。
The Committee recalls that in decisions on the separation of children from their parents, “all interested parties shall be given an opportunity to participate in the proceedings and make their views known” in accordance with article 9, paragraph 2 of the Convention.
1029. 委员会再次提到《联合国预防少年犯罪准则》(《利雅得准则》)， 其中第3、37和50段指出，“青少年应发挥积极作用，参与社会活动，而不应被看作仅仅是社会化的或控制的对象……应建立或加强地方一级的青少年组织，并给予充分参与管理社区事务的资格……应使青少年本身参与[计划和方案]的规划、制定和执行”。
The Committee recalls the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines) which state in paragraphs 3, 37 and 50 that “young persons should have an active role and partnership within society and should not be considered as mere objects of socialization or control…youth organizations should be created or strengthened at the local level and given full participatory status in the management of community affairs … young persons themselves should be involved in [the] formulation, development and implementation [of plans and programmes]”.
1030. 委员会重申《联合国少年司法最低限度标准准则》(《北京规则》) ，其中14.2段规定“诉讼程序应……在谅解的气氛下进行，应允许少年参与诉讼程序，并且自由地表达自己的意见”。
The Committee reaffirms the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules) which provide in paragraph 14.2 that “proceedings shall be conducted in an atmosphere of understanding which shall allow the juvenile to participate therein and to express herself or himself freely”.
1031. 委员会提醒缔约国注意，为了确保触犯法律的儿童的意见得到应有的考虑，必须作出如下的最低规定，以根据《公约》第12条和40条的规定保障儿童的参与：
The Committee reminds States parties that in order to ensure that the views of children in conflict with the law are duly taken into account, the following must be provided as a minimum in order to ensure their participation in accordance with articles 12 and 40 of the Convention:
充足的法律或其他有关援助； 如果该儿童不能听说所用的语言，免费获得口译服务； 在诉讼的各个阶段都尊重儿童的隐私； 确认儿童有权自由参加，不能强迫其提供证词。
(c) Respect for his or her privacy during all stages of the proceedings;
1032. 委员会欢迎经济及社会理事会2005年通过的《关于在涉及罪行的儿童被害人和证人的事项上坚持公理的准则》 和《儿童权利公约关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》、尤其是其第8条规定保护遭受性凌辱或其他暴力罪行侵害的儿童从而作出了重大的贡献。
The Committee welcomes the important contribution to the protection of children who have been the victims of sexual abuse or other violent crimes established in the provisions of the United Nations Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, adopted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 2005 and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, in particular article 8.
委员会敦促缔约国特别注意上述这些标准并确保其得到切实的执行。
The Committee urges States parties to pay particular attention to these standards and ensure their practical implementation.
1033. 因此，委员会促请缔约国确保遭受性凌辱或其他暴力罪行的受害儿童的意见、需求和关切的问题在影响到其个人利益的诉讼中确实得到陈述和考虑。
The Committee thus urges States parties to ensure that the views, needs and concerns of child victims who have suffered sexual abuse or other violent crimes be presented and considered in proceedings where their personal interests are affected.
除上述触犯法律的儿童的权利之外，缔约国还应通过并落实遭受人身暴力、性虐待或其他暴力罪行的受害儿童的规则和程序，避免运用访谈录像重复作证，减少造成重复的精神创伤，并确实提供保护性措施以及保健和心理社会服务，避免与作案人不必要的接触。
In addition to the rights outlined above for children in conflict with the law, States parties should adopt and implement rules and proceedings for child victims of physical violence, sexual abuse or other violent crimes, ensuring that repetition of testimonies be avoided by the use of videotaped interviews to reduce re-traumatisation, that protective measures and health and psychosocial services be made available and that unnecessary contact with the perpetrator be avoided.
受害人的身份应该保密，必要时应该避免让公众和媒体出庭旁听。
The identity of the victim should be kept confidential and when required, the public and media should be excluded from the courtroom during the proceedings.
1034. 委员会声明，年龄不应成为阻碍儿童充分参与司法过程的障碍。
The Committee affirms that age should not be a barrier to the child's right to participate fully in the justice process.
缔约国如规定儿童陈述权的最低年龄，应采取措施确保最低年龄以下的儿童的意见由经过专门培训的社会工作者或其他专业人员根据儿童的成熟程度予以考虑。
In cases where States parties have established a minimum age for the right of the child to be heard, measures should be taken to ensure that the views of children below the minimum age be considered, in accordance with their levels of maturity, by specially trained social workers or other professionals.
1035. 委员会进一步指出，年龄不应该构成阻碍儿童诉诸司法系统和行政程序内部的申诉机制的障碍。
The Committee further notes that age should not be an impediment for children in accessing complaints mechanisms within the justice system and administrative proceedings.
1036. 委员会建议独立的国家人权机构酌情保障儿童能够方便地求助于申诉机制和咨询服务。
The Committee recommends that, when applicable, independent national human rights institutions ensure that children can easily access complaints mechanisms and advisory services.
1037. 委员会请特别注意儿童在申请移民、庇护和难民身份程序中的陈述权，采取措施确保包括提供口译在内的规则和惯例完全符合委员会关于远离原籍国无人陪伴和与家庭失散的儿童待遇问题的一般性意见6, 尤其是其中的第25段规定的要求。
The Committee requests that special attention be given to the right of the child to be heard in immigration, asylum and refugee procedures by taking measures to ensure that the rules and practices, including the provision of interpreters, are in full compliance with the requirements elaborated by the Committee on the Rights of the Child in its general comment No. 6 on the Treatment of unaccompanied and separated children outside their country of origin, in particular paragraph 25.
1038. 委员会促请缔约国确保儿童的意见和儿童的最大利益在任何情况下，包括在传统的司法程序中和冲突后解决进程中都得到应有的考虑，并保证一切努力都是为了避免儿童受害。
The Committee urges States parties to ensure that the view of the child and the best interests of the child be given due consideration in all circumstances, including in traditional justice procedures and in post-conflict resolution processes and that all efforts seek to avoid victimization of the child.
4. 委员会拟后续落实的建议
Recommendations to be followed up on by the Committee