参看莫桑比克对1979年12月17日《反对劫持人质国际公约》提出的保留，《……多边条约》，前引文献，第二卷，第112页(第十八章第5节)(关于引渡莫桑比克国民的保留在诸如《惩治资助恐怖主义行为国际公约》一类的其他条约中重新出现，同上，第167页(第十八章第11节))，危地马拉和菲律宾对1962年《关于婚姻的同意、结婚最低年龄及婚姻登记的公约》的保留，同上，第93页(第十六章第3节)；哥伦比亚(签署时作出)、伊朗、和荷兰(虽然极为含糊)对《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》作出的所有保留，同上，第一卷，第462-464页(第六章第19节)。
See, for example, Mozambique's reservation to the International Convention against the Taking of Hostages of 17 December 1979, Multilateral Treaties …, op. cit., vol.
II, p. 112 (chap.
XVIII.5) (A reservation regarding the extradition of Mozambican nationals that reappears in connection with other treaties such as, for example, the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, ibid., p. 167 (chap.
XVIII.11)), the reservations by Guatemala and the Philippines to the 1962 Convention on Consent for Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, ibid., p. 93 (chap.
XVI.3); all the reservations by Colombia (made upon signature), Iran and the Netherlands (though very vague) to the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, ibid., vol.
I, pp. 462-464 (chap.
或当涉及国际组织时，其“组织规则”：这个词取自1986年《关于国家和国际组织间或国际组织相互间条约法的维也纳公约》第27条和第46条。
Or in the case of international organizations their “rules of the organization”: the term is taken from articles 27 and 46 of the 1986 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations.
它也载于(并且被定义于)委员会关于国际组织的责任条款草案第4条第4款(参看《大会正式记录，第五十九届会议，补编第10号》(A/59/10)，第103页)。
It also appears (and is defined) in article 4, paragraph 4, of the Commission's articles on responsibility of international organizations (see Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/59/10), p. 103).
然而，提及组织规则不一定引起相似的问题，如果保留仅适用于组织与其成员的关系的话。
However, the reference to the rules of the organization may not raise a similar problem if the reservation only applies to the relations between the organization and its members.
在其1995年4月6日关于美利坚合众国执行1996年公民权利和政治权利国际公约的初次报告的结论性意见中，人权事务委员会“为缔约国对《公约》的保留、声明和理解感到遗憾。
In its concluding observations of 6 April 1995 on the initial report of the United States of America on its implementation of the 1996 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Human Rights Committee “regrets the extent of the State party's reservations, declarations and understandings to the Covenant.
它认为，总的说来，它们意图确保美国接受已经成为美国法律的内容。
It believes that, taken together, they intended to ensure that the United States has accepted what is already the law of the United States.
委员会也特别关注对《公约》第6条第5款和第7条的保留，认为这些保留不符合《公约》的目的和宗旨”(CCPR/CE/79/Add.50, 第14段)。
The Committee is also particularly concerned at reservations to article 6, paragraph 5, and article 7 of the Covenant, which it believes to be incompatible with the object and purpose of the Covenant” (CCPR/CE/79/Add.50, para.
参看上文第(4)段。
See paragraph (4) above.
常设国际法院1926年5月25日的判决，波兰Upper Silesia案，《常设国际法院案例汇编》，A辑，第7号，第19页；也参看南斯拉夫仲裁委员会，1991年11月29日第1号意见，载录于《国际公法综合评论》第19卷(1992)，第264页。
Permanent International Court of Justice, Polish Upper Silesia, Judgment of 25 May 1926, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 7, p. 19; see also Arbitration Commission for Yugoslavia, Opinion No. 1 of 29 November 1991, reproduced in RGDIP, vol. 96, (1992), p. 264.
这项原则在国际法委员会2001年关于国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案第4条中得到确认。
The principle is confirmed in article 4 of the International Law Commission's 2001 articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts.
委员会关于国际组织的责任的条款草案第4条第4款。
Draft article 4, paragraph 4, of the Commission's articles on responsibility of international organizations.
参看《关于国际销售货物订立合同的公约》第1条(海牙，1964年7月1日)；《规定统一仲裁法的欧洲公约》第1条(斯特拉斯堡，1966年1月20日)；或《反对劫持人质国际公约》第1条和第2条(纽约，1979年12月17日)。
See, for example, article I of the Convention relating to a uniform law on the formation of contracts for the international sale of goods (The Hague, 1 July 1964); article 1 of the European Convention providing a uniform law on arbitration (Strasbourg, 20 January 1966); or articles 1 and 2 of the International Convention against the Taking of Hostages (New York, 17 December 1979).
参看以下准则草案3.1.5评注第(15)段。
See paragraph (15) of the commentary to draft guideline 3.1.5 below.
关于允许保留的准则，参看准则草案3.1.7(“含糊或笼统的保留”)的评注第(8)和(9)段，准则草案3.1.8(“对反映习惯规范的规定的保留”)的评注第(8)段和第(9)段或准则草案3.1.9(违反强行法规则的保留)评注第 (4)段和准则草案3.1.10的评注，各处。
With regard to guidelines on the permissibility of reservations, see in particular paragraphs (8) and (9) of the commentary to draft guideline 3.1.7 (“Vague or general reservations”), paragraphs (8) and (9) of the commentary to draft guideline 3.1.8 (“Reservations to a provision reflecting a customary norm”) or paragraph (4) of the commentary to draft guideline 3.1.9 (“Reservations contrary to a rule of jus cogens”) and the commentary to draft guideline 3.1.10, passim.
这些条约并不是这一准则草案所包括的唯一条约：《儿童权利公约》一类的条约 (1989年11月20日)也寻求保护包罗极为广泛的权利。
These treaties are not the only ones covered by this draft guideline: a treaty such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (20 November 1989) also seeks to protect a very wide range of rights.
也参看《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》(纽约，1979年12月18日) 或《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员国际公约》(纽约，1990年12月18日)。
See also the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (New York, 18 December 1979) or the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (New York, 18 December 1990).
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, 1994年11月11日，第7段。
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6, 11 November 1994, para.
参看Françoise Hampson, 对人权条约的保留：最后工作文件(E/CN.4/Sub.2/2004/42)，第50段。
See Françoise Hampson, Reservations to human rights treaties: final working paper (E/CN.4/Sub.2/2004/42), para.
有些作者坚持认为，保留制度与完全不符合人权。
Some authors have maintained that the reservations regime is completely incompatible with human rights.
例如，参看马耳他对第13条(关于驱逐外国人的条约)的保留，还没有任何国家对该保留提出反对(参看《……多边条约》，前引文献，第一卷，第182-183页(第四章第4节))。
See, for example, the reservation of Malta to article 13 (on the conditions for the expulsion of aliens), to which no objection has been entered (see Multilateral Treaties , op. cit. ), vol.
I, pp. 182-183 (chap.
也参看巴巴多斯对第14条第3款的保留或伯利兹对同一条款的保留 (同上，第179页)；或者毛里求斯对《儿童权利公约》第22条的保留(同上，第326页(第四章第11节))。
See also the reservation by Barbados to article 14, paragraph 3, or the reservation by Belize to the same provision (ibid., p. 179); or else the reservation by Mauritius to article 22 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (ibid., p. 326 (chap.
IV.11)).
参看第24号一般性意见，第8-10段：这些标准除了与条约目的和宗旨不符合的保留的标准以外，与习惯、强制性规范或该规范的不可克减性质有关。
See general comment No. 24, paragraphs 8-10: these criteria, beyond that of the compatibility of a reservation with the object and purpose of the Covenant, have to do with the customary, peremptory or non-derogable nature of the norm in question; see draft guidelines 3.1.8-3.1.10.
参看准则草案3.1.8-3.1.10。
See general comment No. 24, paragraphs 8-10: these criteria, beyond that of the compatibility of a reservation with the object and purpose of the Covenant, have to do with the customary, peremptory or non-derogable nature of the norm in question; see draft guidelines 3.1.8-3.1.10.
第20条和第21条；参看《……多边条约》，前引文献, 第一卷，第 321-336页(第四章第11节)。
Articles 20 and 21; see Multilateral Treaties , op. cit., vol.
I, pp. 321-336 (chap.