在2006年3月21日通过的关于根据《公约》第二任择议定书提交来文的《意见》 中，委员会引述其案例法，即在未考虑被告个人情况或具体犯罪情节而强加死刑的情形中，自动和强制判处死刑构成对生命的任意剥夺，违反《公约》第六条第1款(CCPR/C/86/D/812/1998，第7.2段)。
In Views of 21 March 2006 on a communication submitted under the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant, the Committee recalled its jurisprudence that the automatic and mandatory imposition of the death penalty constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of life, in violation of article 6, paragraph 1, of the Covenant, in circumstances where the death penalty is imposed without regard being able to be paid to the defendant's personal circumstances or the circumstances of the particular offence (CCPR/C/86/D/812/1998, para. 7.2).
在2006年7月24日通过的《意见》中，该委员会也得出了相似的结论(CCPR/C/87/D/1421/2005) ，尽管委员会同时注意到，所涉缔约国已在2006年6月通过在菲律宾废除死刑的第9346号共和国法令。
The Committee came to a similar conclusion in Views adopted on 24 July 2006 (CCPR/C/87/D/1421/2005), although it noted at the same time that the State party had adopted Republic Act No. 9346 in June 2006 abolishing the death penalty in the Philippines.
14. 在2006年3月30日通过的《意见》中，人权事务委员会忆及，在《公约》条款未受到尊重的审判结束时强加死刑判决，如果针对死刑判决没有进一步上诉的可能性的话，即构成对第六条的侵犯。
In Views of 30 March 2006, the Human Rights Committee recalled that the imposition of a death sentence upon conclusion of a trial in which the provisions of the Covenant have not been respected constitutes a violation of article 6 if no further appeal against the death sentence is possible.
在该具体案例中，死刑判决是在没有满足第十四条所列的公平审判条件的情况下宣布的。
In the particular case, the death sentence was pronounced without the requirements for a fair trial set out in article 14 having been met.
委员会因此得出结论，受第六条保护的权利也受到侵犯(CCPR/C/86/D/915/2000, 第7.6段)。
The Committee therefore concluded that the right protected under article 6 had also been violated (CCPR/C/86/D/915/2000, para.
在2006年7月14日(CCPR/C/87/D/959/2000)和2006年3月17日(CCPR/C/86/D/1044/2002)通过的《意见》中，该委员会也得出了相似的结论。
The Committee came to a similar conclusion in Views adopted on 14 July 2007 (CCPR/C/87/D/959/2000) and 17 March 2006 (CCPR/C/86/D/1044/2002).
在2006年10月20日通过的《意见》 中，由于在向委员会提交该案前，最高法院已将提交人的死刑判决减刑，虽然委员会认为该案违反了第十四条，但并不认为违反了第六条。
In Views adopted on 20 October 2006, the Committee did not find a violation of article 6, despite finding a violation of article 14, as the Supreme Court had already commuted the author's death sentence prior to the submission of the case to the Committee.
因此，委员会认为，对提交人儿子生命权的侵犯问题没有实际意义(CCPR/C/88/D/1057/2002，第7.3段)。
For this reason, the Committee considered the issue of the violation of the author's son's right to life moot (CCPR/C/88/D/1057/2002, para. 7.3).
四、落实保护死刑犯权利的保障措施，特别注意犯罪时 年龄不满18岁的人被判处死刑的问题
IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFEGUARDS GUARANTEEING PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THOSE FACING THE DEATH PENALTY, PAYING SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE IMPOSITION OF THE DEATH PENALTY ON PERSONS YOUNGER THAN 18 YEARS OF AGE AT THE TIME OF THE OFFENCE
15. 保护死刑犯权利的保障措施特别规定：(a) 只可对最严重的罪行判处死刑；(b) 如案发后法律规定有较轻的刑罚，则有权获得较轻的处罚；(c) 对犯罪时不满18岁的人不应判处死刑，也不应对孕妇、新生儿母亲或精神病患者判处死刑；(d) 只有在判罪依据明确、证据令人信服，且没有余地对事实另作解释时，才可判处死刑；(e) 只有在经过一定法律程序，采取了一切可能的保障措施，包括给予被告充分法律援助权，以确保公平审判之后，才能根据主管法院的最后判决执行死刑；(f) 必须准予就死刑向上级管辖法院提出上诉的权利；(g) 必须准予争取赦免或减刑的权利；(h) 在等待任何上诉或其他求助程序之前不得执行死刑；以及(i) 执行死刑时，应以将痛苦减至最低程度的方式进行。
The safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty establish that, inter alia: (a) capital punishment may be imposed only for the most serious crimes; (b) the right to benefit from a lighter penalty if, subsequent to the commission of the crime, provision is made by law to this effect; (c) persons below 18 years of age at the time they committed the crime should not be sentenced to death and the death sentence should not be carried out on pregnant women, new mothers, or persons who have become insane; (d) capital punishment may be imposed only when guilt is based upon clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of facts; (e) the death sentence may be carried out only pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court after a legal process which gives all possible safeguards to ensure a fair trial, including the right of a defendant to adequate legal assistance; (f) the right to appeal against the death sentence to a court of higher jurisdiction must be granted; (g) the right to seek pardon or commutation of sentence must be granted; (h) capital punishment shall not be carried out pending any appeal or other recourse procedure; and (i) when capital punishment occurs, it shall be carried out so as to inflict minimum suffering.
16. 在中国，根据2006年通过并于2007年1月1日开始生效的一项立法，所有省级法院判决的死刑都必须经最高人民法院核准。
In China, under legislation adopted during 2006 which comes into effect on 1 January 2007, all death penalties handed down by provincial courts must be reviewed and ratified by the Supreme People's Court.
17. 人权委员会和人权理事会要求法外处决、即审即决或任意处决问题特别报告员监督有关保障措施和限制判处死刑的现行国际标准的执行情况。
The Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council requested the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions to monitor the implementation of existing international standards on safeguards and restrictions relating to the imposition of capital punishment.
特别报告员在遇有对国际公认标准遭到违反和适用死刑可能相当于侵犯生命权等关注情形时，一直在继续采取行动。
The Special Rapporteur has continued to take action in situations where there was concern that internationally recognized standards were being violated and where the application of the death penalty may have amounted to a violation of the right to life.
为了与有关政府保持建设性对话，尤其在遇有以下情况时特别报告员也发出了信函：所适用的法律或审判程序不符合国际公平审判标准，但被告据称被判处死刑的案例；对未列入最严重罪行类别的犯罪判决死刑的案例；以及由特别法院判处死刑，或根据无适当法律程序的特别法律判处死刑的情况。
With a view to establishing a constructive dialogue with Governments, communications were sent, inter alia, in cases in which defendants were reportedly sentenced to death following the application of laws or trial proceedings falling short of international fair trial standards; when capital punishment was imposed for crimes that did not appear to fall within the category of the most serious crimes; and when the death penalty was imposed by special courts and under special legislation which failed to provide due process of law.
18. 在本阶段审查期间，特别报告员对透明度问题和判决死刑问题给予了特别注意。
In the period under review, the Special Rapporteur has paid special attention to the issue of transparency and the imposition of the death penalty.
他就此问题编写了一份全面报告(E/CN.4/2006/53/Add.3)，在该报告中他详细分析了在此类问题中保持透明度义务的法律基础。
He dedicated a full report to the issue (E/CN.4/2006/53/Add.3) in which he analyses in detail the legal basis of the obligation to be transparent in such matters.
特别报告员尤其指出，在“相当多国家，有关死刑的资料蒙有秘而不宣的阴影。
In particular, the Special Rapporteur observed that in a “considerable number of countries information concerning the death penalty is cloaked in secrecy.
它们不提供有关处决或羁押在死囚区囚犯人数或身分的统计数据，而且很少甚至根本不向将被处决者或其家属提供任何信息。
No statistics are available as to executions, or as to the numbers or identities of those detained on death row, and little if any information is provided to those who are to be executed or to their families” (E/CN.4/2005/7, para.
” (E/CN.4/2005/7，第57段)。
No statistics are available as to executions, or as to the numbers or identities of those detained on death row, and little if any information is provided to those who are to be executed or to their families” (E/CN.4/2005/7, para.
他指出，这种秘而不宣的作法在许多方面不符合人权标准，并得出结论说，“国际法并不禁止保留死刑的国家作出这种选择，但它们有公布实施死刑详情的明确义务。
He observed that such secrecy is incompatible with human rights standards in various respects, and concluded that “countries that have maintained the death penalty are not prohibited by international law from making that choice, but they have a clear obligation to disclose the details of their application of the penalty” (ibid., para. 59).
” (同前，第 59段)。
He observed that such secrecy is incompatible with human rights standards in various respects, and concluded that “countries that have maintained the death penalty are not prohibited by international law from making that choice, but they have a clear obligation to disclose the details of their application of the penalty” (ibid., para. 59).
19. 2006年期间，儿童权利委员会在审议缔约国报告时，继续就废除不满18岁者所犯罪行的死刑问题进行了讨论。
During 2006, the Committee on the Rights of the Child continued its discussion, during the consideration of States parties' reports, about the abolition of the death penalty for crimes committed by persons under the age of 18 years.
在就沙特阿拉伯的报告所作的结论性意见中，该委员会对以下情形表达了深切关注：在沙特阿拉伯，负责审理涉及儿童的刑事案件的法官可自行决定儿童在18岁前是否已到成人年龄。
In its concluding observations on the report of Saudi Arabia, the Committee expressed its deep concern that judges presiding over criminal cases involving children in Saudi Arabia are given the discretion to determine that children have reached majority before 18 years.
该委员会认为这是对《公约》第37条规定的基本权利的严重侵犯。
The Committee saw this as a serious violation of the fundamental rights under article 37 of the Convention.