54. 人口结构的转型、全球经济发展以及全球化的诸多方面都对知识、思想和资源的代际交流机会产生了影响。
Many aspects of the demographic transition, global economic development and globalization have influenced opportunities for the intergenerational exchange of knowledge, ideas and resources.
人的寿命提高，意味着许多成年人可以有更久的时间同年轻的几代人分享知识和资源。
The increase in lifespan implies that many adults may be able to share knowledge and resources with younger generations over a longer period of time.
近些年来，由于人的寿命延长，许多老年人以某种方式依赖年轻的几代人生活的时间变得更长。
In recent times, greater longevity has resulted in situations where many older people live for longer periods in some form of dependency on younger generations.
但另一方面，全球化和发展的各种趋势使得许多青年人离开家庭。
On the other hand, trends in globalization and development have resulted in situations where many young people are cut off from their families.
在许多发展中国家和经济转型国家，由于年轻的成年人大量外流，农村地区的人口老龄化十分严重。
In many developing countries and countries with economies in transition, it is the ageing population that is dominant in rural areas owing to the exodus of young adults.
老人留在家里，可能失去传统的家庭支持，甚至没有足够的经济来源。
Older persons may be left behind without the traditional support of families and even without adequate financial resources.
一方面，老年人失去获得家庭年轻成员支助的机会，另一方面，青年人则失去从家庭的老年成员获得知识和指导的机会。
While older persons lose opportunities to receive support from younger members of families, younger persons also lose opportunities to benefit from the knowledge and guidance of older members of their families.
55. 在家庭和社区层面，代际联系对每个人来说都可能十分宝贵。
At the family and community levels, intergenerational ties can be valuable for everyone.
个人和家庭的选择，地理上的移动，还有当代生活的各种压力，可能会使人们各居一方，但是在所有文化中，绝大多数人一生都会同家庭保持密切关系。
Individual and family choices, geographical mobility and the pressures of contemporary life can keep people apart, yet the great majority of people in all cultures maintain close relations with their families throughout their lives.
这些关系是双向的，老年人往往在经济上、感情上以及在教育和照料孙辈和其他亲属方面做出巨大贡献，因而为家庭稳定做出至关重要的贡献。
These relationships work in both directions, with older persons often providing significant contributions financially, emotionally and in respect of the education and care of grandchildren and other kin, thereby making a crucial contribution to the stability of the family unit.
56. 在老龄社会，代际联系日趋薄弱，这意味着青年、儿童和老年人曾经由错综复杂的家庭关系维系的各种需求，越来越得不到满足，反而日益成为国家或私营部门的责任。
The weakening of intergenerational connections in the context of ageing societies implies that various needs of youth, children and older persons, which may have been supported through intricate and complex familial relationships, are increasingly not being met and are instead becoming the responsibility of the State or the private sector.
57. 因此，政府和社会相关部门必须拟定各种方案，重新确立或恢复代际团结。
It is therefore incumbent on Governments and relevant sectors of society to develop programmes that renew or restore intergenerational solidarity.
如果社区解决这一问题的能力已遭到严重侵蚀，政府则应介入，确保满足保护方面的各种基本需求。
Where there has already been substantial erosion of the ability of communities to meet this objective, Governments should intervene to ensure that basic needs for protection are met.
行动建议
Proposals for action
巩固家庭
Strengthening families
58. 包括政府在内的社会所有部门一方面应尊重个人对生活安排的选择，另一方面应当拟定方案，巩固家庭，增强代际关系。
While respecting individual preferences for living arrangements, all sectors of society, including Governments, should develop programmes to strengthen families and to foster intergenerational relations.
增强年轻妇女的能力
Empowering young women
59. 政府应当促进年轻妇女，包括农村和偏远地区的年轻妇女进一步加入劳动力队伍，提供并开发必要的技能，赋予她们寻找就业的能力，特别要采取措施，消除有关男性和女性的定型观念，树立典型，促进更好地兼顾工作和家庭生活。
Governments should promote greater participation by young women in the labour force, including those living in rural and remote areas, by providing and developing the necessary skills to enable them to find employment, especially through taking measures to eliminate male and female stereotypes and through promoting role models, and to facilitate better reconciliation of work and family life.
加强代际团结
Strengthening intergenerational solidarity
60. 政府和私营工商业部门应抓住机遇，利用老工人的经验和技能，培训年轻雇员和新雇员。
Government and private sector businesses should capitalize on the opportunity to use the experience and skills of older workers to train younger and newer employees.
61. 政府应当推动代际平等和团结，包括鼓励青年人充分、有效地参与他们所在社会的消除贫穷、创造就业机会以及社会融合等各种方案。
Governments should promote equality and solidarity between generations, including by offering young people full and effective participation in poverty eradication, employment creation and social integration programmes within their societies.
62. 应当鼓励社会所有部门开展相互学习，这可以为老年人提供向青年一代学习的机会。
All sectors of society should be encouraged to develop reciprocity in learning, which provides older persons with opportunities to learn from younger generations.
63. 移徙、全球化以及相关的各种情况削弱了传统形式的社会支助，因此，政府应同非政府组织和私营部门合作，帮助和支持那些提供照料的老年人，特别是那些照料艾滋病毒/艾滋病孤儿的老年人，帮助他们满足子女和第三代人的各种需求。
Where traditional forms of social support have been reduced by migration, globalization and related situations, Governments should work with non-governmental organizations and the private sector to provide assistance and support to older caregivers, especially those providing care for HIV/AIDS orphans, in meeting the needs of their children and grandchildren.
64. 政府应当采取措施，开展各种活动，促进代际沟通和理解，加强代际之团结和伙伴关系，并鼓励各代人建立相互关照的关系。
Governments should take steps to strengthen solidarity among generations and intergenerational partnerships through the promotion of activities that support intergenerational communication and understanding, and should encourage mutually responsive relationships between generations.