12. 武器贸易条约若要切实有效，不仅必须提出管制所有常规武器和有关装备的跨界流通的制度，还必须适用于常规武器贸易的所有方面。
In order to be effective, the arms trade treaty must not only envisage a system for controlling the cross-border movement of all conventional arms and related equipment; it must also be applicable to all aspects of the conventional arms trade.
13. 关于监测武器跨界流通的制度，武器贸易条约应该涵盖包括下列物品在内的所有常规武器的进出口、过境、转运和中间商贸易：
With respect to the system for monitoring the cross-border movement of arms, the arms trade treaty should cover the import, export, transit, trans-shipment and brokering of all conventional weapons, including:
• 重型武器；
• Heavy arms;
• 所有这些军备的零部件；
• Parts and components of all such arms;
• 弹药，包括爆炸物；
• Ammunition, including explosives;
• 制造常规武器的技术；
• Technologies for the manufacture of conventional arms;
• 用于内部安全的武器；
• Arms used for internal security purposes; and
• 用于军事、安全或执法目的的两用物品。
• Dual-use items destined to be used for military, security or law enforcement purposes.
条约还应该顾及武器标识和追踪问题。
The treaty should also take arms marking and tracing into account.
14. 关于常规武器贸易的各个方面，武器贸易条约应该适用于：
With respect to aspects of the conventional arms trade, the arms trade treaty should apply to:
• 国家间的交易；
• Transactions between States;
• 国家和私人最终用户的交易；
• Transactions between States and a private end-user;
• 商业销售；
• Commercial sales;
• 租用；
• Rentals;
• 借贷、赠与或任何其他形式的转让。
• Loans, gifts or any other form of transfer.
15. 武器贸易条约的实效还将取决于它是否有能力处理既敏感又重要的问题。
The effectiveness of an arms trade treaty will also depend on its capacity to address issues which, while sensitive, are essential.
条约应该尽可能详尽地规定国家的责任以及对任何破坏条约国际规定而实施的制裁。
The treaty should set forth, as exhaustively as possible, the responsibility of States and the sanctions incurred for any violation of its international provisions.
基本参数
General parameters
16. 下列说明并不全面讨论“参数”问题，而只是列举可列入的要点。
The following remarks do not address the issue of “parameters” exhaustively; they merely list points that could be included.
Thus:
(a) 条约的重点应是各国已经作出、而且许多区域、多边和国际协定和文书所规定的承诺，因为这些承诺对它们具有约束力。
(a) The treaty should focus on the commitments which States have already made and which are established in many regional, multilateral and international agreements and instruments since these commitments are binding on them.
(b) 各国在交易期间，首先应考虑到武器今后的用途后，才授权转让。
(b) In their transactions, States should take into account the use to which the arms will be put before authorizing their transfer.
必须确保接收国尊重对于下列方面的承诺以及对下列方面透明度的义务：不扩散；监测武器和弹药；裁军。
It is important to ensure that the recipient State respects the commitment to and obligation of transparency with respect to non-proliferation; to the monitoring of arms and ammunition; and to disarmament.
(c) 各国应该编写年度报告，说明其所有武器弹药国际转让情况。
(c) States should prepare annual reports on all their international arms and ammunition transfers.
这些报告应该编入一份国际登记册，予以公布。
These reports should be compiled in an international register, which should be published.