但要把林和树区分开来有时候也是一种挑战。
It is sometimes a challenge to separate the wood from the trees.
那就让我试着简要地、而且肯定是不全面地看看这些林木吧。
So let me try to attempt a brief and certainly incomplete look at the wood.
1. 第一点是最显而易见的——有点像是本次会议的中心思想：正义与和平不一定是相互矛盾的力量。
The first point is the most obvious one — sort of the leitmotiv of the conference: justice and peace need not be contradictory forces.
虽然我们必须承认，难以两全其美的情况是真实存在的，但和平与正义两者都必须以通过谈判达成协定为基础。
While we must acknowledge that the dilemmas are real, a negotiated agreement must build the foundation for both peace and justice.
大家普遍接受可持续和平、可持续发展和人的安全的概念显示这一论点得到了支持。
This point was underpinned by generally accepted references to the concepts of sustainable peace, sustainable development and human security.
和平与正义之互补性的逻辑结果是，并非要在某种程度的问责制和根本没有问责制之间作出选择，而是要选择如何制订出可持续的解决方案。
The logical consequence of the complementarity of peace and justice is that the choice is not between some accountability and none, but rather how to build sustainable solutions.
2. 第二是非常基本而且公认的一点：和平必须被理解为“可持续的和平”。
The second point is a very basic and commonly accepted one: peace must be understood as “sustainable peace”.
让武器销声匿迹、结束暴力和恐怖、满足基本需求的能力、公共安全——这些都是受武装冲突和各种暴行伤害的人们的期待，因此都是非常重要的问题。
The silence of the arms, the end of violence and terror, the ability to meet basic needs, public security — these are the expectations of people who have been traumatized by armed conflict and all sorts of brutalities, and therefore these are immensely important categories.
不过，我们不能把一份协定上的一个签名、暴力的结束和公共安全与“可持续和平”的概念混为一谈。
But we must not confuse a signature on an agreement, the end of violence and public security with the notion of “sustainable peace”.
3. 第三点涉及到各种调解进程。
A third point concerns mediation processes.
在这方面，调解显然在许多不同的层次上进行，而且涉及到许多不同的行为体。
Here, it became clear that mediation happens at many different levels and involves many different actors.
它不仅仅是外交官和带枪者之间就权力进行的讨价还价。
It is not just power bargaining between diplomats and the men with guns.
在这个最高层次，调解人确有责任创造性地、灵活地为立即结束暴力和敌对行动作出贡献，同时也期待（这通常是他们自己“职业道德”的一部分）能够推动找到可持续的解决方案。
At this top level, mediators indeed bear a responsibility to contribute creatively and flexibly to the immediate ending of violence and hostilities with the simultaneous expectation — which is usually part of their own “work ethic” — to promote sustainable solutions.
这需要与民间社会更广泛的支持者，特别是妇女和传统上受排斥者接触，以防各方达成很可能注定要失败的协定。
This requires engagement with a broader constituency of civil society, in particular women and traditionally excluded groups, to keep the parties from entering agreements that are, in all likelihood, doomed to failure.
调解人维护国际法律秩序核心原则的决心必须是坚定无疑的——在涉及到核心罪行的时候，根本就没有一律大赦的余地，而且调解人应当促使各方了解规范框架，从而使各方能在知情的情况下作出选择。
The commitment of mediators to the core principles of the international legal order has to be beyond doubt — there is simply no room for blanket amnesties where the core crimes are concerned — and mediators should promote knowledge among the parties about the normative framework so that the parties can make informed choices.
不过，应当对分工有一个清楚的理解，调解人和检察官发挥的作用是不同的。
However, there should be a clear understanding of the division of labour where the mediator and the prosecutor have distinct roles to play.
得到广泛同意的另一点是，调解人需要有灵活性，而且某种程度的模糊性可以为处理冲突局势的现实留出必要的空间，这些局势无不围绕着对过去的不同看法而展开。
There was also broad agreement that mediators needed flexibility and that a degree of ambiguity could provide the necessary scope to address the reality of conflict situations which invariably centre on competing visions of the past.
而且，在达成正式解决方案后，调解显然还将在社会的许多要点上继续，通常是与和解一道进行。
It was also clear that mediation will continue at many points in society after a formal settlement, often going hand in hand with reconciliation.
4. 第四点涉及到正义这个概念。
The fourth point is about the notion of justice.
正如过渡期司法领域的发展所示，必需对 “正义”有——而且实际上也确实有——广义的理解。
As the development of the field of transitional justice has shown, “justice” needs to be — and in fact is — understood in a broad sense.
过渡期司法可能包括刑事司法、说明真相、赔偿以及机构改革。
Transitional justice may comprise criminal justice, truth-telling, reparations and institutional reform.
目标应当是建立值得信赖的机构，并处理好边缘化问题特别是基于性别的边缘化问题。
The aims should include building trustworthy institutions and addressing marginalization, especially on grounds of gender.
正当性是司法的基石，手段和优先事项则必须根据本地情况确定。
Legitimacy is a cornerstone of justice, and means and priorities must be locally defined.
所有这些观点现已获得普遍接受，但要综合这些司法要素以适应一个特定国家或区域的情况却非易事。
All these ideas are now generally accepted, but the challenge is in combining the ingredients of justice in ways that are sensitive to the context of a particular national or regional situation.