43. 特别报告员在访问波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的报告（E/CN.4/2006/62/Add.2）中强调指出，急需认可儿童基金会的建议，即加强总的防范措施，找到容易成为贩运对象的儿童，并在探明、登记、介绍、住房、保护和后续帮助波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那儿童方面，利用《保护人口贩运中受害儿童（包括女童）权利准则》。
The Special Rapporteur's mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (see E/CN.4/2006/62/Add.2) highlighted the urgency of endorsing UNICEF recommendations on the need to increase general prevention measures to identify children vulnerable to becoming victims of trafficking and to make use of the Guidelines for the Protection of the Rights of Children Victims of Trafficking (including young girls) concerning detection, registration, referral, shelter, protection and follow-up for children from Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular.
44. 在关于2005年和2006年与各国政府往来信件的报告（E/CN.4/2006/62/ Add.1和A/HRC/4/23/Add.1）中，特别报告员提出了有关暴力侵害女童的若干问题，尤其侧重为了商业性剥削目的进行贩运、卖淫、为了国际领养或性剥削或劳务剥削等目的进行贩运、逼婚和早婚、以及为维护名誉而犯罪等问题。
In reports on communications to and from Governments in 2005 and 2006 (E/CN.4/2006/62/Add.1 and A/HRC/4/23/Add.1), the Special Rapporteur raised a number of issues related to violence against the girl child, with particular focus on trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation, prostitution, trafficking for international adoption or for sexual or labour exploitation, forced and early marriages, and honour-based crimes.
四. 联合国防治瘘管病的工作
Efforts to prevent and treat fistula at the United Nations
45. 如联合国人口基金（人口基金）所报告，膀胱阴道瘘是产妇生产过程中带来的一种很严重的伤害，使妇女大小便失禁，感到自卑，与社区隔绝。
As reported by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), obstetric fistula is a devastating childbirth injury that leaves women incontinent, ashamed and often isolated from their communities.
如产妇死亡一样，通过专业接生技术和及时提供产妇急诊护理，瘘管病是完全可以防止的。
As with maternal death, fistula is entirely preventable through skilled delivery care and timely access to emergency obstetric care.
患瘘管病妇女发出的声音正在提醒决策者、新闻界和广大公众关注发展中国家妇女在怀孕和生产时面临的风险。
The voices of the women who have suffered from fistula are drawing the attention of policymakers, media and the public to the risks women encounter during pregnancy and childbirth in developing countries.
46. 几十年来，国际社会一直在宣传增进产妇保健服务，预防产妇死亡和残疾。
For decades, the international community has campaigned to scale up maternal health services and prevent maternal death and disability.
1987年在内罗毕召开的国际安全孕产会议上做出了降低产妇死亡率的承诺，1994年国际人口与发展会议和2000年联合国千年首脑会议再次重申了这一承诺。
The commitments to reduce maternal mortality made at the International Safe Motherhood conference in Nairobi in 1987 were reaffirmed at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 and again in 2000 at the Millennium Summit of the United Nations.
尽管出现了一些进展，但是20年来，每年的产妇死亡人数仍然没有减少。
Yet despite some advances, the number of annual maternal deaths has remained unchanged for two decades.
许多国家的进展停滞。
Progress has stalled in many countries; in some, the situation has deteriorated.
一些国家的情况甚至出现恶化。
Progress has stalled in many countries; in some, the situation has deteriorated.
各种问题都需要优先解决，国家的资源又不足，这些都使妇女保健问题无法列上政治议程。
Often, competing priorities and insufficient national resources combine to push women's health off the political agenda.
保健系统负担过重，缺少人力和物力方面的投资和资源。
Health systems are also overburdened, constrained by a lack of investment and resources, both human and material.
47. 膀胱阴道瘘的发病在继续，暴露了在降低产妇死亡率和发病率方面持续存在的挑战和差距作。
The continued incidence of obstetric fistula exposes the challenges and gaps that persist in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.
发展中国家有200多万女童和妇女受到影响，每年新增加的人数多达10万人。
The condition affects more than 2 million girls and women in developing countries, with as many as 100,000 new cases each year.
这些妇女遭受的痛苦几近死亡，常常因为完全可以预防的并发症而失去婴儿。
These women have suffered a near-death experience and often the loss of their baby from entirely preventable complications.
她们的情况说明结构和保健系统失效，还有产妇死亡和残疾背后的社会、文化和经济因素。
Their stories reveal structural and health system failures as well as the social, cultural and economic factors underlying maternal death and disability.
患膀胱阴道瘘的妇女可以在社区、国家和全球呼吁改善保健服务，还可以要求人们关注妇女有获得健康和有尊严的生活的基本权利。
Women who have experienced fistula can advocate at community, national and global levels for improved health services.
They can also call attention to women's basic rights to health and a life of dignity.
48. 2003年，人口基金及其合作伙伴开展了“终结瘘管病全球运动”，其中包括采取预防瘘管病发生的干预措施，治疗患病妇女，帮助接受治疗的妇女重新过上完满和有所作为的生活。
In 2003, UNFPA and its partners launched the global Campaign to End Fistula, which includes interventions to prevent fistula from occurring, treating women who are affected and helping women who have undergone treatment return to full and productive lives.
运动的最终目标是，根据国际人口与发展会议制定的目标和千年发展目标，到2015年，使瘘管病在发展中国家像在工业国家一样少见。
The Campaign's ultimate goal is to make fistula as rare in developing countries as it is in the industrialized world, by 2015, in line with targets adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development and the Millennium Development Goals.
这一运动力求促进做出政治承诺，强调不采取行动会给人带来的严重后果，争取人们广泛支持实现产妇健康和新生儿健康的国际目标。
The Campaign strives to build political commitment and broad support for achieving the international goals related to maternal and newborn health by highlighting the human consequences of a failure to act.
49. 这个运动在2003年开始时只有12个国家，目前已推广到撒哈拉以南非洲、亚洲和阿拉伯区域的40多个国家。
Beginning with just 12 countries in 2003, the Campaign is now active in more than 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Arab region.
消灭瘘管病的工作是各国自己设计执行的，每个国家都先迅速评估需求情况，然后拟定和执行全国防治战略。
Fistula elimination efforts are nationally designed and driven, with each country undergoing a rapid needs assessment followed by the development and implementation of a national fistula elimination strategy.
迄今为止，已有32个国家完成了需求评估，20多个国家正在执行本国方案。
To date, 32 countries have completed needs assessments and more than 20 countries are implementing their national programmes.