这篇文章里很 有几句话值得今天当老师和学生的想一想。
Quite a few remarks in this essay are worthy of contemplation by present-day teachers and pupils.
例如他说： "孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。
Take the following for example: "Confucius says: 'Out of three men, there must be one who can teach me.' So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils.
他的意思是说，自己虽是作了先生，并不 一定样样贤于弟子，从他学的人也不一定不如他，人们不必因此而大 惊小怪。
In his opinion, having disciples was not something to be surprised at because, as a teacher.
He was not necessarily better than his disciples in every way, nor his disciples always inferior to him.
本来，只要是一个人闻道在先，不管他是什么人，都可以拜 为老师。
As a matter of fact, one who has learned the truth earlier than you, no matter who he is, should be acknowledged as a teacher.
"弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子"，这是一个真理，并不是 瞎说。
This advice of mine is addressed to pupils, and teachers as well --- teachers whose duty it is "to pass On the truth, impart knowledge and dispel ignorance" "Pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils' that is a truth, not a fallacy.
A There is no impassable demarcation line between teacher and pupil.
在这门知识上老师 高于学生，在另一门知识上，学生也可能高于老师，今天老师高于 学生，明天学生可能高过老师。
While the teacher may be superior to his pupil today, the latter may be superior to the forrer tomorrow.
这也是辩证法，对立面的统一。
That demonstrates the law of dialectics and the unity of opposites.
老 师和学生可以互相转换，学生要向老师学习，老师也有需要向学生 学习之处。
The pupil should learn from his teacher, but sometimes there may also be something the teacher has to learn from his pupil.
《礼记》的《学记》有一段著名的话，意思也和这相近："虽有 佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也。
A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Lii (The Book of Rites): "However nice the food may be.
If one does not eat it.
He does not know its taste; however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value.
是故学然 后知不足，教然后知困。
Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies: when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies.
但是它所说的 "教然后知困"，"教学相长"，所引的"教学半"(就是说教学各居其半， 相反而相成)，就是在今天说来，也还是颠扑不破的。
Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one knows where the difficulty lies", "Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils" and "Teaching is the half of learning" (a quotation meaning teaching and learning are opposite and complementary to each other) all remain irrefutable to this day.
做先生的必然同时做学生，或者首先做学生，像马克思所说的 "教育者必先受教育"，这个道理说来很浅显，但是人们在实际生活中 却很不容易承认。
To be a teacher, one must at the same time be a student, or be a student first, just as Carl Marx says, "Educators must themselves be educated first." Though this is plain truth, yet people in their practical life seldom recognize it.
特别是当老师当久了的人，或者像韩愈所说的"术 业有专攻"的人，就很不容易接受这个辩证法。
It is especially hard for teachers of long standing or those with "special skills", as Han Yu says, to look at this matter dialectically.
老师们不容易接受这个道理，倒也事出有因。
It is not without reason or cause that teachers fail to be readily receptive to the above-mentioned concept.
"弟子不必不如 师，师不必贤于弟子"，虽是封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个 观点，但是在封建时代却并不通行。
The viewpoint "Pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils", though put MO o01 297 forward by Han Yu, himself a feudal-minded scholar typical of his time, was by no means popular in the feudal age.
正好相反，"天地君亲师"，在 封建时代，老师是同"天地君亲"在一起，居高而临下，弟子哪里 能同老师上下平等而又矛盾统一呢？
On the contrary, as teachers were ranked high up along with "Heaven, Earth, Sovereign and Parents" as objects of worship in the feudal age, pupils could never be on an equal footing with their teachers to form a unity of opposites.
新的师生关系，倒真像韩愈所说的，是"不耻相师"。
The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu. "not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.' That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and lear from each other.
就是互为 老师，互为学生，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是"道之所存，师之所 存"，谁有学问谁就是老师。
They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, SO that.
As Han Yu says, " Whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.?" Pupils should show the spirit of respecting the truth, learning from whoever knows.
从老师方面来说，也应该像孔夫子那样，有一点"三人行，则 必有我师"的雅量。
Teachers should be so open-minded as to be ready to lear from anyone who knows, just as Confucius says, "Out of three men, there must be one who can teach me.
这句话的 ' 意思，是说真正聪明有学问的人，没有一定的老师，见人有学问，不 管是谁，就认他为师。
Han Yu, going by Confucius' teaching, asserts that "a Sage has no definite teacher" meaning that a really wise and learned person has no fixed teacher and that he learns from whoever knows.
Think may as well add, "No teacher is all-knowing," meaning that no teacher is infallible.
一个当老师的人，既要勇于坚持自己的真 294 理，又要勇于承认自己的非真理。
A teacher should have the courage not only to hold firmly to the truth but also to admit his mistake.
要保持师位的心，不妨试一试这条 方案，同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。
All devoted teachers might as well put this into practice so that they can strive, together with their pupils, for scientific knowledge and the truth.
在另一方面，当学生的也应当了解，既然师和弟子的关系并不以 师必贤于弟子、弟子必不如师为条件，那末，今天的学生在看到老师 的某一方面的短处以后，也就不应该马上得到结论说，老师再不能作 老师了。
On the other hand, however, pupils should also understand this: when they discover a teacher's weak point in a certain respect, they should not jump to the conclusion that he is no longer qualified as a teacher, because
今天的学生担负着重大的使命， 应该深切地认识自己知识的还很有限，必须虚心地向一切有所知、有 所长的人学习，特别是向"术业有专攻"的老师们学习！
Students of today, shouldering a great historical task.
Should deeply understand how limited their knowledge is and how important it is for them to learn modestly from all those who have knowledge and strong points, especially teachers who "have special skills"!